摘要:

AbstractBringing a mental health program into a setting can be conceptualized as an example of attempting an organizational innovation. The study of innovation has generated substantial information in recent years, most often concerning the adoption and implementation phases of the innovation process. This article describes a two‐part study of the institutionalization phase, in which an innovation becomes established as a routine practice within an organization. In Phase 1, a review of recent literature was conducted to accumulate empirical data on institutionalization. In Phase 2, the predicted institutionalization was tested through four case studies in which a particular innovation (a curriculum to teach critical thinking and problem‐solving skills to elementary school students) was in the process of implementation in a particular type of organization (public elementary schools). The pattern observed in the case studies was compared to the predicted pattern by means of a pattern‐matching mode of analysis. The results suggest that the 10 conditions identified are meaningfully associated with institutionalization. The findings are discussed, and suggestions are made for further res

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199107)19:3<207::AID-JCOP2290190302>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA primary preventive, community‐based program designed to facilitate high school transition and reduce dropout and an evaluation of the program are described. Participants in the study were 154 ninth‐grade, predominantly Hispanic, inner‐city students. Students were assessed on midyear and end of 9th‐grade academic achievement, grade averages, course failures, absences, class cutting, class rank, number of counseling referrals, and leave rate. Control group students were found to exhibit significantly higher Iowa Math Test Scores compared to experimental students. Significant time effects were found indicating experimental and control students' decreases in grades and overall class rank, and increases in course failures, absenteeism, and class cutting. Limitations of the study are discussed based on the program's comparison to the similar, yet effective, project conducted by Felner, Ginter, and Primavera

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199107)19:3<221::AID-JCOP2290190303>3.0.CO;2-G

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study examined the role of life events and social resources in the development of combat‐related delayed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after homecoming. For this purpose, life events after homecoming and social resources (social integration, loneliness, satisfaction with social network, and family environment) were assessed 2 years after the 1982 Lebanon War (August, 1984) in three groups of male Israeli frontline soldiers who participated in that war and who were matched for military and socio‐demographic background: (1) delayed PTSD group, (2) immediate PTSD group, and (3) control group. Findings indicated that both control and delayed PTSD casualties reported similar and fewer life events at homecoming than did immediate PTSD casualties. However, delayed PTSD casualties evinced less social resources than did contr

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199107)19:3<231::AID-JCOP2290190304>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article reviews the receptivity of older adults to innovative mutual‐aid arrangements, an area that may become more critical to the need fulfillment of the elderly as we become an aging society. The limited background to date gives a mixed picture: There are a growing number of programs, but participation in these programs is small. Surveys suggest substantial levels of interest in help‐exchange among the elderly, and yet values of self‐sufficiency and independence remain strong. A case study is presented in which the circumstances seemed favorable for the initiation of a help‐exchange program within a retiree organization. A planning survey among the members of this organization showed some receptivity toward the help‐exchange program but also showed a far greater preference for meeting needs with paid services and an insufficient critical mass for justifying the initiation of a help‐exchange program. Cultural values of self‐sufficiency and independence seemed significant in the response to mutual‐a

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199107)19:3<237::AID-JCOP2290190305>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199107)19:3<243::AID-JCOP2290190306>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199107)19:3<244::AID-JCOP2290190307>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between sense of community and subjective well‐being (SWB) was tested by conducting telephone interviews with three random samples in South Carolina and Alabama (ns= 151, 399, and 442). Respondents answered the 17‐item Sense of Community Scale (Davidson&Cotter, 1986), a measure of three facets of SWB (happiness, worrying, and personal coping), and questions about their demographic characteristics and subjective evaluations of their community. Partial correlation coefficients were computed between sense of community and SWB, partialling out the influence of demographic and community‐evaluation variables. Sense of community was significantly related to SWB in all three samples. The effects were especially pronounced for the happiness facet of SWB. Implications are drawn for theory and intervention, and recommendations are made for further res

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199107)19:3<246::AID-JCOP2290190308>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA set of videotaped public service announcements was developed to illustrate ways in which parents affect a child's self‐esteem. Each vignette showed two ways of dealing with a problem, a punitive method and a self‐esteem‐enhancing method. Study 1 included 20 parents and 20 school‐age (6–10 years of age) children who were seen at a pediatric visit. Most parents perceived the messages correctly. By contrast, children saw the message in terms of the specific issue (50%) or communication (40%); few (10%) understood its self‐esteem link. In Study 2, 53 seventh‐graders perceived the messages correctly. It is interesting to note that they viewed the positive version as more desirable and the negative version as more likely to accomplish the desired be

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199107)19:3<254::AID-JCOP2290190309>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study assessed the effects of providing treatment in a Specialized Foster Care (SFC) program for children and adolescents who had been previously hospitalized. Cases were randomly assigned fpr placement in SFC or other extrahospital settings, including residential treatment centers and family/relative homes. The SFC program used carefully selected foster parents who were trained and supervised in the implementation of the child's treatment plan. One child or adolescent was placed in each home. SFC placements were augmented by individual therapy for the child or adolescent and by case management services, including coordination with schools and employers, weekly clinical staffings, and crisis intervention. Results showed that the SFC model is a viable treatment option for severely emotionally disturbed children and adolescents, that cases in the SFC group were placed outside of the hospital more frequently and quickly than cases in the control group, and that once placed outside of the hospital, SFC cases were slightly more successful at maintaining in their communities than were control cases.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199107)19:3<266::AID-JCOP2290190310>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred and seventeen (117) girls and forty‐six (46) boys, aged 9 to 17 years and newly admitted to an emergency shelter, were evaluated using self‐esteem and locus of control instruments. These youth were primarily admitted due to child abuse or severe family problems. There were no differences on the instruments by sex, type of referral, family characteristics, or type of abuse. Overall results indicated poor functioning among the entire group. The authors discuss the need for early intervention for youth who are experiencing simultaneously both the trauma of abuse and out‐of‐home pl

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199107)19:3<277::AID-JCOP2290190311>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY