ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198210)10:4<291::AID-JCOP2290100402>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere has been considerable interest in recent years in identifying coping resources which moderate the effects of stress. The evidence to date has not adequately supported the notion that social support is the primary contingency one must consider in understanding differential vulnerability to stress. Following the suggestions of Kohn (1972, 1977), an alternative approach to the so‐called “stress‐buffering” issue is to investigate the role of personal coping resources. Two such related resources are considered here: (the relative absence of) fatalism and inflexibility. In this paper I compare the relative efficacy of fatalism and inflexibility in changing the impact of stress on depression in two groups: Anglos and Mexican‐Americans in southwestern Texas. The question is whether the impact of personal resources depends on the relative predominance of those resources in different cultural groups. The findings here suggest that lower fatalism and less inflexibility have the same moderating impact on stress among Mexican‐Americans as they do among Anglos. However, Mexican‐Americans are less vulnerable overall to the impact of chronic stressors. These findings are interpreted in terms of two themes. First, the reason that personal resources are effective has less to do with their culturally defined appropriateness as personal characteristics than with the fact that they have consequences for the willingness to expend effort, as well as the range of strategies used, in coping situations. Second, the decreased vulnerability of Mexican‐Americans to chronic stress may be due to the higher relevance of social support in ameliorating

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198210)10:4<293::AID-JCOP2290100403>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents field survey data on the availability and use of familial and friendship networks and their relationships to mental health. The samples (n= 5,174) include Whites, Blacks, Mexican Americans, Anglos, and Guamanians. More than two‐thirds of all respondents in the various race‐ethnic groups reported nearby family members upon whom they could call in times of need. Approximately three‐fourths of the same respondents indicated having nearby supportive friends. Between 25% and 35% of the subsamples sought help from family members in the 12 months preceeding their interview; help seeking from friends ranged from 20% to 47%. Some variations were found but overall the presence of family members perceived as coping resources was not significantly associated with reported levels of mental health problems. However, the presence of friends was significantly associated with lower levels of psychiatric symptoms and dysfunctions for the Anglo and Mexican‐American subsamples. It was not significant for the other groups. Further, the data indicate that the use of familial and friendship networks did not appear to ameliorate mental health problems. To the contrary, those who sought assistance from family members and/or friends had significantly higher psychiatric symptom and dysfunction levels than those who did not. The authors concluded that the relationship between the availability and use of interpersonal networks and mental health are complex and varied. As such, generalizations regarding these relationships cannot be made in the absence of specif

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198210)10:4<312::AID-JCOP2290100404>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious research has yielded inconsistent results regarding the mediating effects of social support upon psychiatric illness. Using data (N = 2029) gathered as part of a major epidemiologic study in the southeastern United States, the authors examine the relationships among depressive symptoms, social support, stressful life events, and socioeconomic status. As anticipated, direct effects were found for social support, stressful life events, and socioeconomic status upon depressive symptoms. However, when the data were analyzed via three‐way analysis of variance and multiple regression (including all possible interaction terms) analysis, no statistically significant interactive effects were found. The authors conclude that these findings clearly demonstrate direct effects of social support and stressful life events upon depressive symptoms. Respondents in the lower social support groups experience the greatest impact of stressful life events; in contrast, persons in high social support groups, although evidencing increased symptom scores with increasing numbers of life events, experience the buffering effect of social support by showing less severe distres

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198210)10:4<325::AID-JCOP2290100405>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious research indicates that relatively disadvantaged sociodemographic groups (women, the poor, the unmarried) are more vulnerable to the impacts of life events. More recently, researchers have hypothesized that the psychological vulnerability of these groups may be due to the joint occurrence of many stress events and few psychological resources with which to cope with such events. This latter hypothesis is called here the applied buffering hypothesis. Using data from the New Haven Community Survey, the existence of differential psychological vulnerability is first reconfirmed. Women; older adults; unmarried persons; those with less education, income, and occupational prestige; married women; and unmarried women are found significantly more distressed by the experience of life events than their sociodemographic counterparts. The applied buffering hypothesis is then tested with several measures of social support. Little support for the hypothesis is found. That is, the psychological vulnerability of low status groups cannot be explained by the interaction of many events and few available sources of social support. Limitations of the data and alternative explanations of these findings are discussed. The confirmation of psychological vulnerability in disadvantaged groups suggests new directions for future epidemiological research.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198210)10:4<341::AID-JCOP2290100406>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study assesses causal relationships among stress, social support, and depression using data collected at four points in time over one year from a community sample of 740 Los Angeles County adults. A series of latent variable causal models are tested to assess effects over time spans of 4, 8, and 12 months. Depression and support are found to be moderately and highly stable, respectively, over one year, while stress is only slightly stable. Recent stress is found to increase levels of depression from previous levels. Social support is shown to have direct negative effects on current depression and indirect effects on subsequent depression. Reciprocal causal relationships are also explored.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198210)10:4<363::AID-JCOP2290100407>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndividual and community measures of stress are related to the presence of depression/demoralization symptoms (Feeling Bad), to positive Wellbeing (Feeling Good) and to the combination of these two (Wellbeing), in an urban sample of 549 adults. The mediation and moderation of these effects by indicators of social support, evaluation of status, and belief variables intended to measure aspects of individual coping tendencies are examined and tested. The findings suggest the absence of moderating effects of any of the support and coping variables on each stressor or on the effects of stressors on Feeling Bad, Feeling Good, and Wellbeing. A number of the variables do, however, have significant main effects, and thus appear to operate directly on the dependent variables, regardless of the presence or level of stress. Differences between apparent effects on Feeling Good and Feeling Bad and the increase in effects for the combination measure are discussed.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198210)10:4<377::AID-JCOP2290100408>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs part of a longitudinal study, life events, social support, and personal competence are examined in terms of their ability to explain depressive symptomatology in three empirically discerned age groups of males and females. The major findings point to the centrality of social support in the epidemiology of depression in all age‐sex groupings. While support was found to be the most significant predictor of depression in all groups, the magnitude of its contribution was found to vary by age and sex. The effects of life events and personal competence, on the other hand, were found to vary across age and sex. They also indirectly affected depression via social support. While some evidence was found for interaction effects among the antecedent variables, these contributions were modest. The ability of the model variables to explain depression decreased over age for both males and females. A theoretical framework is presented in which the role of social support and the functions of personal competence and life events are conceptualized as being socially structured. The implications of these and other findings are discusse

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198210)10:4<392::AID-JCOP2290100409>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examines the possible stress‐buffering properties of personal competence and social support with regard to depressive symptoms. The hypothesis examined was that individuals lacking both internal and external resources would manifest higher levels of symptoms as a result of increasing number of life events than would individuals possessing such resources. Further, variation by gender was considered. Data on depressive symptoms (CES‐D Scale), personal competence, social support, and life events were obtained in a 70‐minute interview with randomly selected samples of white married adults (n= 965) from rural counties of Tennessee, Oklahoma, and Ohio. Analyses indicated both the main and buffering effects of personal competence and social support for the total sample. However, these effects varied by sex. While personal competence and life events had consistent main effects for both married males and females–individuals with more stress or lower levels of competence had higher levels of symptoms–effects of social support were more pervasive among the females. Finally, personal competence appeared to have a greater buffering effect than the presence of social support alone. There was also an unanticipated tendency for greater vulnerability to stressors among individuals (particularly males) under conditions of low competence and hig

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198210)10:4<409::AID-JCOP2290100410>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198210)10:4<426::AID-JCOP2290100411>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY