摘要:

AbstractEvidence for a connection between recession and psychopathology has come from aggregate and individual‐level studies. The aggregate studies cannot identify particular mechanisms (e.g., personally experienced life changes caused by the economy versus anticipation of stress on the basis of perceived community conditions versus the interaction of the two). Individual‐level studies rarely control for earlier symptoms or, if they do, never include a measure of aggregate conditions (making a cross‐level analysis). This study is novel in that it crosses levels of analysis, controls for earlier symptoms, replicates the tests in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan sites, and controls for social support and social support buffering effects. Economic conditions did not affect covariate‐adjusted depression directly or in interaction with events, and life events (including economic ones) accounted for little variance in adjusted depression. Controlling for prior symptoms also eliminated the main and buffering effects of social support. The negative results from this cross‐level, panel approach raises doubts about the “recession‐causes‐psychopathology” view and, by inference, lends credence to rival views, such as, “recession

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198604)14:2<103::AID-JCOP2290140202>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFoster family care is one of a number of residential programs that has as an important goal the integration of residents into the life of the community. One hundred one family care homes for the mentally ill in two regions of New York State were examined. The extent of resident participation in community life is described. Participation was found to be related to three facets of the family care environment: extent of community participation of the care provider, extent of integration of the resident into the foster family, and extent of community acceptance of the resident. Furthermore, differences in resident participation with and without the care provider are noted. Integration of the resident into the family is suggested as a possibility for vicarious involvement in the community at large.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198604)14:2<120::AID-JCOP2290140203>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpanish‐speaking and lower socioeconomic status families have been under‐represented in studies of parent training. This study assessed utilization of and benefits from a group parent‐training program for lower socioeconomic status, Spanish‐speaking families with a developmentally disabled child. Access to training was facilitated by a central location, evening meetings, reimbursement for transportation, and provision of child care. Measures, instructional manuals, and training were in Spanish. A standard group curriculum, which emphasized behavior problem management and self‐help skill teaching, was modified to include incentives and weekly supervision of parents' teaching. Twenty families were assigned randomly to group training or a delayed‐training control group. Measures were taken of mother's teaching ability, child's self‐help skills, child's behavior problems, mother's knowledge of teaching principles, and family's home teaching. Trained parents gained significantly more than control parents on the latter three of these measures, and trained families combined gained significantly on all measures. At a 6‐month follow‐up, parents' home teaching had diminished, although not to p

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198604)14:2<134::AID-JCOP2290140204>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe advent of PL 94–142, the Education of All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, served as a threat to some child mental health professionals, who feared that it would lead to the formation of mental health facilities in the schools. Contrary to that fear, this article outlines a model through which a public school district and a mental health facility used PL 94–142 to enter into a joint mental health/education venture. The model is now in its third year and has proven quite successful in (a) providing an intensive, local outpatient care alternative, (b) containing costs, and (c) reducing use of inpatient c

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198604)14:2<144::AID-JCOP2290140205>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between stressful life events, social supports, and psychological functioning was examined in a low‐income population of schizophrenic, depressed, and well mothers of young children. It was expected that the disturbed populations and those rated lowest on psychological functioning would have the most problems and the fewest resources. A buffering effect was hypothesized such that for the individuals with many problems, those with many resources would show better functioning than those with few resources. The results indicated that neither number of problems nor number of resources was related significantly to levels of psychological functioning. For disturbed women, having fewer problems may be associated with higher functioning. Both schizophrenic and depressed women reported more problems, but also more resources, than well women. Finally, having many resources did not affect the level of functioning of those with many stressful life events. Results were interpreted as failing to support the buffering hypothesis. Alternative explanations are proposed in terms of factors predisposing to vulnerability (e.g., low self‐esteem) and alternative conceptualizations of social supp

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198604)14:2<150::AID-JCOP2290140206>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA construct in social support that has received relatively little attention is network orientation: the individual's willingness to utilize his or her social support resources. This construct and a 20‐item self‐report measure of it are presented. Data from five samples, including four samples of somewhat heterogeneous students and one sample of community adults, were used to assess the reliability and validity of the instrument. The instrument showed good internal consistency and showed excellent stability in the community sample, but not in the student samples. The measure showed good validity with respect to a range of social support criterion measures, somewhat good validity with respect to personal characteristics, and somewhat poor validity with respect to coping and self‐disclosure criteria. It was proposed that individuals who have social support resources but do not use them may be an important focus for interven

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198604)14:2<159::AID-JCOP2290140207>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case study that describes the process of establishing mental health services in the medium‐sized Howard County (Maryland) jail is presented. Built in 1878, the county jail provided virtually no rehabilitative services to its inmates until 1972. At that time, personnel from the Howard County Bureau of Mental Health began to gain access to the jail, establish rapport with the jail staff, assess the mental health needs of the inmates, and implement various programs to meet these needs. Implementation and development of services are described for the 12‐year span between 1972 and 1984. The concept of providing community‐based services has been accepted and incorporated into the value system and structure of the jail. It is concluded that the viability of programs depended upon interactions among (a) continuation of strong leadership for each component of the rehabilitation program, (b) acceptance of the value of these services by the jail administration and staff, and (c) availability of community resources. The linkage between the jail and community agencies is disc

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198604)14:2<171::AID-JCOP2290140208>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of prior stressful events and mastery on psychological distress during and following a threat to life was examined, and three competing models concerning the effect of prior stressful events on reactions to severe life crisis were compared. The stressful events model suggests that prior stressful events increase vulnerability to new threatening events. The traditional crisis model suggests no such effect of prior stressful events on crisis reaction due to the overwhelming effect of the crisis at hand. A facilitator model predicts that prior events decrease vulnerability to crisis due to a “practice effect.” Fifty‐five Israeli women (not found to have cancer) were studied just prior to and 3 months following biopsy for suspected cancer. Those with greater prior stressful events were significantly more state depressed at both times than those experiencing fewer events, supporting the stressful events model. It was also found that mastery moderated the extent to which women were depressed and the period of time they remained depressed. However, mastery did not limit the stressful life event — depression relationship. Implications for research and intervention are di

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198604)14:2<183::AID-JCOP2290140209>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDeaf sport is an integral part of the deaf community. Its development resulted from the community needs of the deaf and the negative attitudes of society toward the disabled. A discussion of these two factors explores the reason why deaf athletes participate in activities that exclude hearing participants. Implications are drawn for the deaf community and for the community at large.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198604)14:2<196::AID-JCOP2290140210>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSamples of one new religious group (Unificationists) and two established religious groups (Catholics and Presbyterians) were compared on measures of the importance of communal experiences to one's religious faith and the number of prior religious associations. A three‐way interaction emerged among religious group, importance of communal experiences, and number of prior religious associations. Also, communal experiences in a religious context generally were valued for the social support they provide, although the type of social support differed among the three groups. These findings provide evidence of the “communalization of experience” and religious searching for some members of one new religion and even for some members of two established reli

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198604)14:2<206::AID-JCOP2290140211>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY