摘要:

AbstractThis article presents a conceptual framework for social‐community psychology that is the basis of a master's‐level training program with the same name at the University of Puerto Rico. The framework responds to the crisis of confidence in social psychology and to the selection of a social change emphasis for community psychology. Its theoretical basis and its practical applications are explai

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198710)15:4<431::AID-JCOP2290150402>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent research has supported a separate domain model of life change and well‐being. According to this model, negative life change primarily influences psychological distress or negative affect, whereas positive life change influences positive affect. Structured interview data from 140 rural older adults were used to test this model. Seven well‐being indices were used: three tapping negative affect, two tapping positive affect, and two global measures of well‐being.Results did not support the separate domain model. Composite well‐being measures were related to both positive and negative life change. Positive affect was largely independent of life change, positive or negative. Contrary to predictions, negative affect was rarely associated with negative life change and was more consistently inversely related to positive life change. Age‐ and cohort‐related reasons for these findings ar

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198710)15:4<447::AID-JCOP2290150403>3.0.CO;2-9

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBoth theoretical discussions and research presentations often minimize the practical difficulties in establishing a sample frame for a population called deviant. Classical experimental design is frequently recommended, even though this methodology is poorly suited for populations whose personal, situational, and material attributes are subject to rapid change. In addition, such an experimental design may require the researcher to gather characteristics that may prove impossible to collect in the “real world” population under study. This paper presents the experiences of a research project studying methadone‐maintained women and their infants to show that researchers of populations labeled “deviant” must retain a fluid sample frame to reflect optimally the population under study and to use most effectively the resources

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198710)15:4<459::AID-JCOP2290150404>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe difficulties of obtaining classical experimental and control groups when sampling populations called deviant often lead researchers to analyze data from index and comparison groups (for example, drug users and non‐users, respectively). When one is dealing with such samples, classical hypothesis testing and its associated inferential statistics are inappropriate. Yet, social scientists can generalize from their samples on the basis of facet theory, with its associated tools of the mapping sentence, smallest space analysis (SSA), and multidimensional scalogram analysis (MSA). These are illustrated and discussed with data taken from a large research project concerned with infants born to women who were using methadon

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198710)15:4<471::AID-JCOP2290150405>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe construct validity of subjective well‐being was assessed by quantitative research syntheses of U.S. studies of the correlates of subjective well‐being appearing before 1980. The classes of evidence examined in this article include reports of reliability, estimates of correlation between different measures of subjective well‐being, and estimates of correlation between measures of subjective well‐being and measures of other constructs (adjustment, neuroticism, and work and family satisfaction). Generally, measures of subjective well‐being showed adequate reliability (M= .80). Measures of subjective well‐being were moderately associated with adjustment (M= .38), neuroticism (M= − .33), and work (M= .33) and family (M= .29) satisfaction. Although measures of subjective well‐being were substantially interrelated (M= .52), validity coefficients based on two different subjective well‐being measures purported to tap the construct of happiness (M= .45) were slightly lower than validity coefficients based on subjective well‐being measures purported to tap the constructs of happiness and life satisfaction (M= .49). In selecting measures of subjective well‐being, community psychologists are urged to consider their theoretical framework and traditional

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198710)15:4<481::AID-JCOP2290150406>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe multifaceted nature of social support has become more widely recognized in theory and research. Specifically, a consensus is emerging on the distinctions among support resources, behavior, and appraisals. The present study focuses on support appraisals with the aim of studying the degree to which the Social Support Appraisals Scale (SS‐A) might be used to assess distinct appraisals of repect, love, and involvement.SS‐A data from five heterogeneous samples (including students, mature women students, fathers, and adolescents) were subjected to factor analysis. The factors that emerged were highly invariant across samples and largely reflected respect, involvement, and love, though the “love” factor might also be interpreted as a “family” factor. Patterns of convergent and divergent validity with subscales reflecting constructs of love, respect, and involvement from two other support appraisal measures were equivocal. Some implications for theory and research of differentiating support appraisals ar

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198710)15:4<493::AID-JCOP2290150407>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis is an analysis of the determinants of psychological depression and coping behaviors of Tennessee farm residents. It seeks to fill the gap in knowledge about depression and its etiology and related mental health behaviors in farm populations. In a sample of 134 farm respondents, demographic, medical, life event, personal, and social resource covariates of depressive symptoms are explored, together with various coping behaviors. Symptoms of depression are measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D). Comparisons are made to similar analyses completed on 783 rural non‐farm Tennesseans. The number of chronic medical problems is found to be the most important predictor of depressive symptoms for the farmers. Differences with respect to the effects of social support, race, and age on distress are noted for the farm and rural non‐farm sa

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198710)15:4<503::AID-JCOP2290150408>3.0.CO;2-7

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInterest in the beneficial effects of social support for the physical and psychological well‐being of individuals has rapidly grown. The Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors is one promising new questionnaire that has been designed to measure this psychosocial dimension. While in many ways this is a psychometrically sound questionnaire, the number of stable factors it includes has yet to be established. This problem was solved in the present study by using the FACTOREP procedure, in which a series of factor analyses are conducted with a reduced number of factors being used for each successive rotation until a structure is found and replicated across independent subject groups. This is achieved by calculating matrices ofsindex values to assess factor similarity at increasing hyperplane cutoff levels, that is, with progressively more stringent criteria for inclusion of salient items in each cluster. This procedure indicated that three factors could be replicated, and these were interpreted as Nondirective Support, Directive Guidance, and Tangible Assistance. The three subscales each had high reliability and should provide a useful basis for specifying the type of social support that is effective in reducing distress in different groups of troubled peopl

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198710)15:4<513::AID-JCOP2290150409>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData from random samples of 645 rural White respondents, 398 rural Black respondents, and 700 urban residents of Nashville, Tennessee (375 White, 326 Black participants), are presented that address urbanicity and race differences in depressive symptoms, psychophysiologic symptoms, and general well‐being. After demographic controls, significant urban‐rural differences were found only on depressive symptoms, with greater distress in rural areas. Black participants had significantly higher depression scores than White respondents, though race differences were reversed on psychophysiologic symptoms and general well‐being. Interaction effects were striking. Urban‐rural differences were specific to Black participants—rural Black residents had higher depressive symptom scores than urban Black residents. These differences were reversed on psychophysiologic symptoms and well‐being. Race differences were specific to the rural sample; rural Black respondents manifested more depressive symptoms than did rural White participants, though rural White residents had more psychophysiologic symptoms and lower well‐being. These findings withstood further controls for migration/length of residence. Implications of these findings for stress models of urbanicity and race differences a

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198710)15:4<520::AID-JCOP2290150410>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe conceptual and empirical distinction of social support networks and subjective appraisals of support is increasingly evident in the social support literature. Support appraisals appear especially important in promoting well‐being and may serve as the focus of preventive interventions. Yet little is known about the support network resources that promote positive appraisals of support.One hundred thirty‐eight community residents participated in a telephone interview, yielding extensive data on the size, composition, and relationship characteristics of networks providing five kinds of support, satisfaction with support, and perceptions of support from family, friends, and others. Regression and canonical correlation analyses yielded complex findings. Support perceptions, and to a much lesser extent satisfaction, were associated with a variety of resource variables, most prominently the size of emotional and socializing networks, the reciprocity and complexity of network relationships, and the proportion of close friends and family members in the network. The implications of the findings for support‐based interventions are briefly disc

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198710)15:4<537::AID-JCOP2290150411>3.0.CO;2-C

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY