摘要:

AbstractThis prospective study examines the causal relations among life events, chronic strain, and psychological distress. The influence of total number of life events; recent events; and undesirable, disruptive, and unanticipated events on marital strain and work/economic strain is assessed using latent variable structural equation modeling. It is hypothesized that chronic strain mediates the effects of life events on psychological distress. The data analyzed are from the first two waves of a prospective study on psychosocial factors and cancer mortality in a sample of skilled blue collar workers exposed to asbestos. A subsample of married and employed men within a relatively narrow age range was selected for this study to facilitate the investigation of the relations among life events, strain, and distress among individuals similarly situated in the life course. The results show that total number of events and recent, undesirable, disruptive, and unanticipated events increase work/economic strain and that, through this increase in strain, life events influence both contemporaneous levels of psychological distress and changes in distress. Life events do not have a direct effect on psychological distress when prior levels of events, work/economic strain, and distress are controlled. In contrast, life events do not have an impact on marital strain; rather, marital strain exerts a direct effect on distress. Undesirable, unanticipated, and disruptive events exert modest but significant direct effects on psychological distress in models including marital strain. These findings are discussed in terms of the place of the sample of workers in the life course, and implications for the design of preventive intervention programs are presented.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199110)19:4<283::AID-JCOP2290190402>3.0.CO;2-5

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA holistic model for understanding and predicting depressive symptoms in a sample of 289 African‐American women was evaluated. Using a structural equation methodology, life events, social support, physical health problems, and internalized racialism were significant predictors of depressive symptoms. Although neither marital status nor religious orientation had predicted inverse effects on depressive symptoms, we found that the effects of socioeconomic status and developmental status on depressive symptoms were mediated through these and other variables specified in the mode

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199110)19:4<306::AID-JCOP2290190403>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study investigated the nature of social support in the lives of 50 homeless mothers and 50 housed mothers receiving public assistance. It was hypothesized that mothers who do not have strong social networks and the support they provide, or who are more drained by members of their social networks, are at greater risk of becoming homeless than are mothers with large and strongly supportive social networks. The two samples were compared on (a) the size and composition of their social networks; (b) the nature of the support they received (instrumental, emotional, and/or negative); (c) the degree of contact they had with parents and other family members; and (d) their feelings about, or degree of trust in, social relationships. Contrary to expectation, there were no differences between the housed and homeless respondents on any of the social support variables except one: Only network orientation—the degree to which respondents expressed trust in their social networks—significantly distinguished the two groups. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to other recent investigations of the nature of social support in the lives of homeless mothers. It is suggested that social isolation may be more a consequence than a cause of family homelessn

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199110)19:4<321::AID-JCOP2290190404>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examines the long‐term behavioral impact of an education and support program for heart attack and heart surgery patients and their partners. Thirty‐two individuals (16 males, 16 females) were personally interviewed following completion of the program (Heart to Heart) and asked what changes they had made to their diet, activity level, general stress level, and smoking habits as a result of participation in the program. The most frequently mentioned change was made to their diet, followed by an increased activity level and lower level of stress. Those surveyed also indicated general satisfaction with the prog

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199110)19:4<333::AID-JCOP2290190405>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious research suggests that former psychiatric hospital patients become homeless due to (1) their inability to make use of treatment services, (2) the lack of available services, or (3) the lack of available tangible economic supports. However, supportive studies tend to examine the homeless in isolation and therefore do not fully determine whether the three factors differentiate those former patients who become homeless from the large group who do not. They also fail to undertake multivariate analysis that can separate determinants from factors that are only spuriously related to the lack of a domicile. The current study thus compares homeless and other domiciled but vulnerable former psychiatric patients within a multivariate framework. Results suggest that, except for age, few measures representing the inability to use services or the lack of treatment services predict homelessness. In contrast, homelessness is related to traits that reflect the lack of tangible resources, including the lack of Supplemental Security Income (SSI), the lack of other income maintenance benefits, and the lack of work income. Such results suggest that homelessness might be avoided if vulnerable former patients receive special but not traditional types of care, if young people are retained in treatment, and if the vulnerable receive help in obtaining material support.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199110)19:4<337::AID-JCOP2290190406>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe psychological sense of community was explored within a corporate environment by identifying characteristics of the psychosocial climate that predicted it. Four hundred thirty‐four employees completed the Sense of Community Index (SCI), modified for a work community, and the Moos Work Environment Scale (WES). Multiple regression analyses indicated that WES factors predicting a portion of employees' sense of community differed between men and women in management and nonmanagement groups. Male managers' sense of community was predicted by their perceptions of Peer Cohesion and Involvement, whereas female managers' sense of community was predicted by their perceptions of Supervisor Support, Involvement, and Work Pressure. Male nonmanagers' sense of community was predicted by their perceptions of Involvement and Supervisor Support, whereas female nonmanagers' sense of community was predicted by perceptions of Involvement and Peer Cohesion. Gender differences in the sense of community experienced within two levels of the corporate hierarchy are discusse

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199110)19:4<351::AID-JCOP2290190407>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study was designed to determine the suitability of an existing network orientation measure for use with children and to investigate the implications of positive or negative network orientations for children. The Network Orientation Scale (Vaux, Burda,&Stewart, 1986) was adapted for use with children and used in a longitudinal study of 52 school‐aged children and their mothers. Test‐retest reliability of the scale was found to be acceptable, and internal consistency was found to be acceptable for children age 10 and older. Children's network orientations were not related to those of their mothers, although children in higher income families reported more positive network orientations than children in lower income families. Children's network orientations were also related both to the extensiveness of support received by the child and to the child's satisfaction with that support. Positive network orientations were associated with more internal locus of control and with greater self‐esteem, but were not associated with mother‐rated behavioral problems. Longitudinal analyses suggest that children's satisfaction with their networks may actually have a stronger effect on network orientation assessed some years later, rather than at the same point

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199110)19:4<362::AID-JCOP2290190408>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study tested the following hypotheses: (1) Stress has more of a negative impact on the life satisfaction of those under age 75 than those over age 75; (2) social support has more of a positive effect on life satisfaction in those under age 75 than those over age 75; (3) the buffering effect of social support is stronger in the under age 75 group than the over age 75 group. None of the three hypotheses was supported, contrary to prior research.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199110)19:4<373::AID-JCOP2290190409>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199110)19:4<::AID-JCOP2290190401>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY