摘要:

AbstractThe Michigan Children's Trust Fund (MCTF) funds child abuse and neglect prevention programs and consults with community and clinical psychologists to oversee its research efforts. This paper highlights the role of community psychologists in this capacity and documents the effectiveness of this relationship through an example of the work they are asked to perform. The primary source of funding for MCTF is a voluntary donation line on Michigan's state income tax form. Because even modest changes in the percentage donating have bearing on funding, MCTF sought a greater understanding of forces affecting donations. Given that one half of all tax forms in Michigan are prepared professionally, an exploratory survey of preparers was undertaken. Results found preparers approved of raising money via the checkoff and were aware of MCTF, although they confused it with other social programs. Differences were found in knowledge and practices toward MCTF based on degree of approval of use of the tax checkoff, and the age, parental status, and gender of the preparer. These findings were important to MCTF in directing efforts to educate a segment of the population that has influence over the major source of their funding, and may be relevant to other organizations that depend on tax checkoffs for their income.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199507)23:3<183::AID-JCOP2290230302>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe recent proliferation of self‐help groups is a widespread phenomenon in the United States (Gartner&Reissman, 1984; Powell, 1987). Much of the literature on this subject is in the advocacy genre; it describes the self‐help movement in glowing terms. Some of the work deals specifically with the experiences of those who have set up various self‐help and support groups and advises others how to do so (e.g., Katz et al., 1992). Another part of the literature describes the relationship between professionals and self‐help groups, and focuses on maximizing the benefits of that relationship (e.g., Powell, 1987, 1990). Relatively little of the literature is devoted to an examination of the success or failure of self‐help groups. In fact, the terms “success” or “failure” are rarely used. We appear to be reluctant to examine the possibility that self‐help groups, which seem so beneficial to the average person, could be less than an unmitigated success. By contrast, this article will examine the meanings of failure and success as they affect a number of self‐help groups organized around the problem of professiona

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199507)23:3<190::AID-JCOP2290230303>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present investigation determines base rates for maladjustment by interviewing pregnant/parenting teenage mothers as well as nonpregnanthon‐ parenting teenage girls in public schools. A total of 420 participants were involved in the studies. The results indicate that pregnant/parenting teens experience significantly more maladjustment than their nonpregnanthon‐ parenting counterparts and that these groups also differ significantly on maternal competence. Specifically, pregnantlparenting teens reported more flexibility and practicality when faced with the daily demands of childrear‐ ing. Yet, they were less likely to manipulate the environment in a positive manner to avoid child behaviors that might result in harm to the child or require disciplinary action. Findings will be discussed in light of their relevance for preventive interventions with pregnant/parenting teens that promote adjustment and parenting competence. Furthermore, preventive intervention strategies will be presented for adolescents who are engaging in high‐risk sexual b

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199507)23:3<200::AID-JCOP2290230304>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this research, we examined psychiatric consumer/survivors' quality of life using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Based on previous research and ecological/empowerment theory, we expected objective indicators of personal empowerment, social support (including negative network transactions), housing, and community integration to be related to consumer/survivors' perceptions of their subjective qudity of life. The results provided partial support for our model. Qualitative data tended to confirm the quantitative findings and they provided additional insights leading to a revised ecological/empowerment model of quality of life for psychiatric consumer/survivors.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199507)23:3<216::AID-JCOP2290230305>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEffective, community‐wide AOD prevention activities require a broad base of citizen involvement in program planning and implementation. Yet what influences an individual's decision to participate in these activities, particularly in a socially distressed community, is not well known. In a previous study, the authors developed a three‐factor path model of participation. These factors were participation accessibility, the desire to participate, and knowledge about participation. The present investigation is a replication of that study with two purposes: (1) expansion of the initial findings by adding additional indicators of the model constructs, and (2) examination of the adequacy of the model for predicting participation in an economically and socially distressed community.The findings of this study were based upon random digit dialing telephone interviews of 250 residents of Chester, PA. The respondents were interviewed about their knowledge of and participation in prevention activities, their perception of the seriousness of AOD and other problems, and their demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed by multiple regression.Findings indicate that knowledge had the strongest direct effect on participation, with desire and accessibility adding important indirect effects. Overall, 34% of the variance was explained. The primary implications drawn from this study are: (1) the model, at variance with previous research by the authors, requires additional testing under a variety of social conditions and with an expansion of construct indicators; and (2) citizen participation programs in low‐income neighborhoods should focus on building awareness of these pro

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199507)23:3<234::AID-JCOP2290230306>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report describes how a community library was identified as a need and was ultimately established in a Nigerian community. The Africa Book Project illustrates the challenges presented in applying theories of empowerment developed in the United States in an international setting and how the problems were resolved. The report examines the events through which a resource network was created as an organizing mechanism at both the individual and the collective levels. The report discusses the impact of subjective culture on the implementation of the field research. Lessons that can be applied in US communities, and the theoretical questions they raise, are presented.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199507)23:3<250::AID-JCOP2290230307>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo explore the notions of ecological congruence and person‐environment fit, the present work examined the relationships among personal and family background characteristics and adjustment following the transition to college. Of particular concern were the ways in which a student's race, prior interracial experience, and the predominant racial characteristics of the college setting being entered relate to adaptive outcomes. The sample consisted of 188 college freshmen attending two universities: one, a traditionally and predominantly White university and the other, a traditionally and predominantly African‐American university. Assessments were conducted of students' family background characteristics, prior interracial experience, and adjustment to college. No relationship was found between prior interracial experience and adjustment for White students. For African‐American students attending the predominantly Black university, less prior exposure to Whites and greater enmeshment in the African‐American community was associated with better adjustment to college. By contrast, for those African‐American students attending the predominantly White university, greater amounts of prior interracial experience were associated with better adjustment to college. The findings support the hypothesized importance of person‐environment fit and experiential congruence for freshmen entering the college

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199507)23:3<256::AID-JCOP2290230308>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199507)23:3<::AID-JCOP2290230301>3.0.CO;2-O

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY