摘要:

AbstractDespite the extra‐individual nature of social relationships, social support and social networks have been treated by and large as individual‐level concepts. This article describes some of the forms that an individualistic bias takes in our current approaches to conceptualization and measurement of social support and social networks and suggests three steps towards an extra‐individual treatment of these concepts: (1) expand notions of social support to encompass social integration; (2) examine the role of groups and settings as social network “members”; and (3) explore functional and structural characteristics of social networks as independent and dependent

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199204)20:2<103::AID-JCOP2290200202>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite new movements in psychology that are supportive of human diversity, there is no general framework for relating significant social‐psychological markers like gender, race, age, sexual orientation, and other aspects of human diversity to theory, research, and action in community psychology. This article reviews four perspectives that can contribute to a general psychology of human diversity: the population‐specific psychologies (e.g., Asian‐American psychology, the psychology of women, African‐American psychology), sociopolitical perspectives (emphasizing historical, economic, and systems analysis and the dynamics of oppression), cross‐cultural psychology (emphasizing culture, and inter‐ as well as intragroup methods), and ecological psychology (emphasizing the dynamics of specific settings and the people in them). Using tenets of social constructionist philosophy and an emphasis on social equity and cultural relativism to create a value stance, the relevant concepts from each perspective are discussed. The implications of this emerging diversity‐conscious worldview for research, action, and theory in community psychology are al

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199204)20:2<116::AID-JCOP2290200203>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Effective Black Parenting Program (EBPP), a culturally adapted, cognitive‐behavioral parenting skill training program, was field tested on two cohorts of inner‐city African‐American parents and their first– and second‐grade children. Pre‐post changes on parental acceptance‐rejection, family relationships, and on child behavior problems and social competencies were compared in a quasi‐experimental design on two cohorts totalling 109 treatment and 64 control families over 1 year. Results from Cohort I indicated that the EBPP produced selected significant improvements in parental rejection, in the quality of family relationships, and in child behavior outcomes. These findings were partially confirmed in the Cohort II sample, which also included changes in the use of specific parenting behaviors. A 1‐year follow‐up indicated that the reductions in parental rejection and in selected child behavior problems were maintained, though a regressive trend toward more coercive parenting practices was also noted. Implications of these results are discussed, and recommendations for future research on community‐based parenting

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199204)20:2<132::AID-JCOP2290200204>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOpposing functions have been attributed to substance use — as causal of distress and as buffering agent to reduce distress. These opposing roles were modeled with longitudinal data from an urban community sample of African Americans. With enduring unemployment formulated as the predictor stressor, three levels of drug use were tested for direct versus multiplicative effects on strain. Findings did not support the buffering or stress‐relief hypothesis. Further, strongly gender‐differentiated processes appeared in the unemployment‐drug‐distress relationship. For men, unemployment strain was increased under the condition of moderate to heavy drug use (i.e., an interactive or multiplicative relationship). For women, moderate to heavy drug use increased strain independently of unemployment (additive effect). But light (less than weekly) use exacerbated strain for women under the condition of regular employment although showing no effect for women when u

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199204)20:2<148::AID-JCOP2290200205>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMutual‐aid groups provide a context in which people who share similar problems, conditions, or concerns give and receive support. Members of two different peer‐led mutual‐aid groups participated in this study: one for low‐income women and the other for people with multiple sclerosis. This study describes use of a self‐help behavioral assessment instrument to observe supportive transactions directly in actual group meetings. In a quasi‐experiment, we analyzed the effects of leader training on supportive transactions between members. Results suggest that leader training was effective in increasing the percent of disclosures about personal concerns followed by support behaviors for the low‐income women's group, although the effects did not hold for the multiple sclerosis group. This study contributes to understanding about actual behavior in mutual‐aid groups and ways in which collaborative consultation with mutual‐aid groups can enhance the pro

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199204)20:2<163::AID-JCOP2290200206>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(199204)20:2<::AID-JCOP2290200201>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY