摘要:

AbstractThis is report of an evaluation of citizen board functioning in an eight‐county region. Included in the study were seven county mental health boards, four state hospital boards, one community mental health center and four metropolitan catchment area boards. Board effectiveness criteria (knowledge of mental health legislation, policy‐making effectiveness, knowledge of the community and agency procedures, organizational effectiveness) are related to demographic and ideological profiles for each board. Board effectiveness was measured by theSelf‐Diagnosis Guidelines(Institute for Voluntary Organizations, 1977). Board ideology was assessed with theCommunity Mental Health Ideology Scale(Baker&Schulberg, 1969). Results indicated that: (1) boards were generally not representative of their communities; (2) most boards saw themselves as only marginally effective; (3) the low self‐ratings of boards were due to deficiencies in crucial areas of board responsibility; (4) there were significant differences in effectiveness among boards; and (5) board members reported less support for community mental health philosphy than some professional groups. Implications of the findigs for mental health policy and legislation wer

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198010)8:4<291::AID-JCOP2290080402>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes a statewide survey assessment of the training needs of governing board members and presents a demographic profile of governing board presidents. Presidents of the 55 governing boards in a consortium of state‐funded, community‐based mental health agencies were mailed questionnaries. They were asked to respond in terms of board rather than individual priorities. Forty‐four questionnaires were returned representing 80% of the sample and 57% of all governing boards in the state. Seventy‐one percent of the respondents were male and 55% were executives or managers. Their mean age was 45. Of the 10 needs assessment items, the two highest rated pertained to the financing of centers and knowledge of mental health legislation. Three areas of need emerged from a factor analysis: a board mandate factor, a board organization factor, and a planning and evaluation factor. The perceived training needs of the Chicago Metropolitan Area and Downstate Illinois were similar. The issue of effective citizen involvement vis‐à‐vis valid representation and appropriate training w

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198010)8:4<302::AID-JCOP2290080403>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConsumer feedback about services can be used to reward staff, stimulate improved performance, and make the service organization more responsive to consumer needs. Carefully collected consumer feedback can be used in a process of organizational planned change involving a cycle of problem perception and documentation, followed by the choice, implementation, and evaluation of solutions to these problems. Presently, consumer feedback is often poorly collected or inadequately utilized. Through preparation of concrete items related to manipulable aspects of service delivery, use of precoded response categories for items, and use of computers for data analysis, high quality consumer feedback can be obtained and used to pinpoint service delivery problems, evaluate solutions to problems, and evaluate the impact of other service changes and innovations.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198010)8:4<308::AID-JCOP2290080404>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAttacks on custodialism offered the hope of more humane treatment approaches. Mental health planners thought that the costs of state hospital care could be reduced by discharging patients into the community. For state governments, this involved a shift of costs and responsibility to the federal government. This shift was accompanied by an increase in cost‐effective planning at both state and federal levels. Cost‐effective planning uses corporate‐style standardization techniques to provide precise, measured types of treatment to certain categories of patients. Such planning is primarily oriented to balanced ledgers of the government budget, rather than meeting specific human needs.The shift in costs also increases profits in the private sector. This is most noticeable in the nursing and boarding home industry where entrepreneurs derive large returns from a new custodialism mainly funded by government reimbursements. The institutional overuse of psychiatric drugs is continued in community programs. Costeffective approaches also involve firing mental health staff and increasing the workload of those remaining.Community mental health centers and state hospital deinstitutionalization programs have largely failed to meet most of their promises such as noninstitutional treatment, more humane care, prevention, and rehabilitation. These failures have produced the beginning of a delegitimation of the new mental health approaches. This delegitimation is also used as part of more general attacks on social services so prevalent in this period of economic crisis. This reinforces the reliance on cost‐effective plans which do not benefit clients. It also poses the danger of increasing the number of persons classified as psychological misfits among the marginal underclass. Even though this is an unintended effect, it can then be used to deflect onto these victims popular resentment against big business and the government. Further, the growth of such a misfit group, along with other types of social decay, may prompt an increase in the already growing forms of social control psychotechnology such as psycho

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198010)8:4<314::AID-JCOP2290080405>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article describes the structure, philosophy, and goals of a high expectations halfway house program for adolescents. The Transitional Treatment Center (TTC) is a residental treatment program for emotionally disturbed adolescents making the transition from institutionalization to independent community life. Topics covered are specification of the TTC program objectives, methods for monitoring residents' progress towards resocialization and plans for future programming.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198010)8:4<323::AID-JCOP2290080406>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study explored the effects of different types of social support on the adjustment of first time parents in the postpartum period. At three months and nine months postpartum, questionnaires were filled out by 18 fathers and 23 mothers who attended parenting groups, and 23 mothers and 24 fathers in a comparison group. Four types of early postpartum social support (parenting group, marital instrumental, marital emotional, and network) were related to later postpartum adjustment (well‐being, marital interaction, and parental sense of competence). The results suggest that the importance of a particular type of support may be different for fathers and mothers. Parenting group support and emotional marital support were found to be related to well‐being, marital interaction, and parental competence for fathers. Emotional marital and network support were positively related to well‐being and marital interaction for mothers. Implications for the provision of support by the naturally occurring informal networks of family and friends, and by specific group support systems were suggested. The limitations of the impact of social support and its assessment were disc

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198010)8:4<332::AID-JCOP2290080407>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEntering a new school represents a critical developmental transition, since children need to overcome apprehension of peer rejection and difficulties in ascertaining new school policies. The present study investigated a peer‐led preventive orientation program which was aimed at allaying detrimental effects of a forced school closing. Students transferring into a public elementary school were matched by grade and sex with students currently enrolled at the public school (C2). The group of transfer students were then randomly assigned to either the orientation program (E) or no program (C1). The two‐day peer‐led orientation program occurred one week prior to the beginning of school. Following the intervention, the E group was superior to both the C1and C2groups in terms of self‐esteem related to peer relationships, knowledge of school rules, and teacher conduct ratings. The project indicates how community psychologists can respond to a crisis in the community (i.e., the forced closing of an elementary school) by developing preventive interv

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198010)8:4<343::AID-JCOP2290080408>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA pilot program was initiated by a rural community mental health center in which staff went into the local junior and senior high schools to provide personal‐problem‐oriented counseling services to students. Results of the program suggest that students perceived their problems as serious, that they found counseling interventions helpful, that they favorably perceived referral to a mental health professional, and that students desired the availability of such services within the school environment on a regular basis. Conceptual and service‐delivery issues are discussed within the context of a preliminary model for mental health‐public school collaboration in the delivery of counseling services to students in rural areas. Suggestions for future research ar

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198010)8:4<353::AID-JCOP2290080409>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCitizens provided descriptive accounts of recent interactions with a policeman. The policeman's behavior was rated on 66 bipolar adjectives to provide the basis for a cluster analysis forming a hierarchical ordering of the incidents. Positive evaluations of the police were due to efficient police service even if a ticket were issued or other regulatory action taken. Negative evaluations were due to a failure to exercise appropriate police functions or insensitive behavior. The incidents provided the basis for identifying areas of conflict between police and citizens on what are considered to be appropriate police roles and functions.

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198010)8:4<357::AID-JCOP2290080410>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPolice services, like other public services, increasingly are being subjected to demands for qualitative and quantitative, measurable accountability (or where not, they ought to be). The trouble is that no one has found a feasible way of empirically evaluating officer performance in the activities that occupy at least 80% of police officer working time and the vast majority of police‐citizen contacts. Police officers individually and collectively are evaluated in terms of paperwork done correctly, crimes “cleared,” and are given credit or held responsible for changes in overall community crime rates (depending on the direction of changes), although police actions have little effect on such rates compared to larger societal factors and statistical artifacts. The bulk of officer performance evaluation consists of ratings by superiors, who have no chance to observe the officer at work for most of the working hours, and can only rely on paperwork done correctly and the absence of certain negative events, such as accidents to the police vehicle due to officer negligence (not too rare) and citizen complaints (rare relative to number of officers and number of citizen cont

ISSN:0090-4392    

DOI:10.1002/1520-6629(198010)8:4<364::AID-JCOP2290080411>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY