ISSN:0947-5745    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1995.tb00200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPostembryonic development of abdominal colour patterns, both epidermal pigmentation and cuticular melanization, of two model species,Pynhocoris apterusandDysdercus cingulatus(Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) is analysed with the aim of revealing morphological regularities involved in colour‐pattern organization. This analysis is supplemented with a comparative study of diversity of colour patterns among 90 species of the Pyrrhocoridae. Comparison of both these approaches suggests that epidermal and cuticular patterns are ontogenetically independent of each other; that the ventral cuticular melanization is paired and respects boundaries delineated by epidermal pigmentation; that the dorsal cuticular melanization is unpaired and does not respect epidermal‐colour boundaries; that the adult cuticular melanization develops almost independently of the larval one; and that the anterior and posterior regions of different segments are developmentally (and also evolutionarily) more tightly correlated than anterior and posterior parts of the same segment. These regularities are then compared with data concerning intrasegmental patterning ofDrosophilaand other inse

ISSN:0947-5745    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1995.tb00201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comparative analysis of sperm‐head morphology and measurements in 17 species from nine genera of African Murinae:Rattus rattus, Mastomys coucha, M. huberti, M. erythroleucus, Mastomyssp. 2,Praomys albipes, P. fumatus, Mus mahomet, Arvicanthis somalicus, A. abyssinicus, A. dembeensis, Arvicanthissp.,Lemniscomys macculus, Pelomys harringtoni, Acomys cahirinus, Acomyssp.,Uranomys ruddi, was carried out. Spermatozoa of all examined species are of the same basic type. They consist of an asymmetrical head, falciform or scythelike in shape, and a tail attached to the ventrocaudal surface of the head. There are great interspecific differences in sperm morphology and size. The significance of this variation for estimation of taxonomic aspects and phylogenetic relationships among the species, as well as between them and other groups, is discussed. The sperm morphology supports a close evolutionary relationship among the generaLemniscomysandArvicanthis.It also indicates thatPelomysis distinctive. The relationships betweenAcomysandUranomysare discusse

ISSN:0947-5745    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1995.tb00202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCopulatory organ, mating posture and locomotion: their interrelationship in non‐mammalian vertebrates.This paper demonstrates, for the vertebrate groups discussed, a relationship between mating posture, the length of the copulatory organ, and the respective modes of locomotion.The modes of locomotion in the majority of non‐mammalian vertebrate groups presuppose a massive, heavily muscularized, and relatively long tail, which may either reinforce lateral flexions of the trunk or (in animals with rigid trunk) act as the only means of propulsion (e.g. in Chondrichthyes, Teleostei, Lepidosauria, and Crocodylia). Such a massive tail with gradual transition to the trunk necessitates a lateral mating position (regardless of whether the copulatory organ is paired or unpaired). Animals with a flexible trunk will, therefore, generate strongly pronounced laterotruncal flexions (‘dynamic lateral bending’). A long copulatory organ is not necessary (e.g. the short hemipenes of Lepidosauria). Animals with a rigid trunk, on the other hand, will not be capable of copulating unless by means of a relatively long penis or a modified mating posture (e.g. Crocodylia). In the course of phylogeny, whenever a change in the mode of locomotion allows a reduction in tail length, this will lead to a corresponding change in mating posture, with mating then being possible from a posterior position (e.g. Chelonia, Aves, as well as Ascaphus among the Anura). The locomotion of the latter taxa is characterized by a completely or almost completely rigid trunk. Thus, contact between male and female cloaca cannot be assisted by bending movements in the trunk. To compensate for truncal rigidity, there is a trend towards linear extension of the penis, or other male copulatory organs (such as mixopterygia or gonopodia), e.g. in the pelagic Selachians, in Chelonia, and in the flightless ratites. For those birds lacking a penis, the only methods of overcoming truncal rigidity are stationary locomotion (fluttering without forward movement), having a mobile, swivelling cloacal region (uropygium), and simultaneous evagination of the proctodeum of both the male and female. Penguins, being unable to perform stationary fluttering, resort to a somewhat modified mating

ISSN:0947-5745    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1995.tb00203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMorphological variation in tadpoles of Australian frogs of theGeocrinia laeviscomplex was studied using specimens preserved at predetermined sizes, that had been reared under laboratory conditions from field‐collected egg masses. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of 24 metric characters included comparisons of G.laeviswith two disjunct population groups ofG. vicioriana, as well as descriptions of the variation across a hybrid zone between the two species.Geocrinia victorianadiffered fromG. laevisby having shorter interpupillar distances, but longer tooth rows and more oral papillae. The two regional groups ofG. viciorianawere also distinct; larvae from south‐western Victoria had the widest oral disks, whereas those from central Victoria showed the most narrowly positioned eyes. Most populations from the hybrid zone were more similar toG. laevisin tadpole morphology than in call parameters, adult morphology, or frequencies of allozyme markers. Morphological aberrations did not occur in increased frequencies in larvae from the hybrid z

ISSN:0947-5745    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1995.tb00204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA review of the fundamental difference between single molecular‐sequence positions, or numerical characters, and complex morphological characters is the subject of this study. It has been found that transformation series of single complex structures contain enough information to allowa prioridetermination of character order and that rooting of a dendrogram is possible without out‐group comparison, while trees based on less‐informative characters can usually only be rooted with out‐group comparison. Furthermore, the quality of total information used is decisive in discriminating between hypotheses of relationships. Numerical methods for the inference of phylogenies have been found to be useful for high numbers of characters that have only a low information content, while the Hennigian procedure seems to be preferable for complex cha

ISSN:0947-5745    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1995.tb00205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Heyer, W. R.:Variation within the Lepodactylus podicipinus‐wagneri Complex of Frogs (Amphibia: Lepodactylidae).Hartl, B.; Markowski, J. (eds):Ecological Genetics in Mammal

ISSN:0947-5745    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0469.1995.tb00206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY