摘要:

Earthworms collected from the southwestern Pacific islands of Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Niue, and the Kermadecs on the 1980 expedition of the Soviet Research ShipKallisto, and by other expeditions and surveys, are discussed. Nineteen species are listed: 2 are new, 12 are new records for the area, and 6 are new records for individual islands. The 2 new species arePolypheretima neglectan. sp. andMetapheretima sergein. sp. The littoral species of the genusPontodrilusare reviewed and are considered to be synonymous. The type species of the genusDrawidais redescribed.Polypheretima tamaraen. sp. is described from Papua New Guinea. The origin of the earthworm fauna of the south-western Pacific is discussed and a key to the earthworms recorded from the south-western Pacific is provided.

ISSN:0301-4223    

DOI:10.1080/03014223.1984.10423750

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Globodera zelandican.sp. is described fromFuchsia excorticata(J. R. & G. Forst., Linn, f.) (Onagraceae), the New Zealand tree fuchsia. The new species can be distinguished from other species ofGloboderaby the average length of the stylet being, at 28 μm, more than 3 μm longer than the greatest length in the known species. A key to the species ofGloboderabased on the thickness of the cuticle and the ratio of fenestral length to analfenestral edge distance of the cyst, and on the stylet length and shape of the stylet knobs of infective juveniles is presented.

ISSN:0301-4223    

DOI:10.1080/03014223.1984.10423751

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Dorylaimellus egmontin. sp. from New Zealand can be distinguished fromD. montenegricusAndrássy, 1959, and fromD. monticolusClark, 1963, by the presence of prominent globular structures in the anterior part of the oesophageal bulb. It is further distinguished fromD. montenegricusby the relatively longer basal oesophageal bulb, and fromD. monticolusby the differently shaped tail.

ISSN:0301-4223    

DOI:10.1080/03014223.1984.10423752

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Tenuipalpus guamensisBaker is recorded from 2 ferns (Pteridophyta) in Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Characters are given which distinguishT. guamensisfromT. kapokiDeLeon andT. mopaneaeMeyer.T. cyatheaen. sp. is described from New Zealand tree ferns.

ISSN:0301-4223    

DOI:10.1080/03014223.1984.10423753

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Four species of the genusHarrisoniellaBedford, 1929 are recognised; 2 further species are placed in synonymy. These, together with their hosts, areH. ferox(Giebel, 1867) (=D. irrorataeKéler, 1957new synonymy;=H. chilensisCarriker, 1964new synonymy) onDiomedea melanophrys melanophrys, D. m. impavida, D. irrorata, D. cauta cauta, D. c. salvini, andD. bulleri;H. densa(Kellogg, 1896) onD. albatrusandD. immutabilis;H. hopkinsiEichler, 1952 onD. exulans exulans, D. e. chionoptera, D. epomophora epomophora, andD. e. sanfordi;H. copeiTimmermann, 1969 onD. nigripes.

ISSN:0301-4223    

DOI:10.1080/03014223.1984.10423754

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A new diagnosis ofSpaniocercoidesis given. The male and female ofS. hudsoniKimmins are redescribed and it is noted that the paratype from Arthur’s Pass which was used for Kimmins’s drawings of wings and female genitalia isS. howesin. sp. In McLellan (1972),S. philpottiWinterboum andS. howesiwere confused under the nameS. hudsonibut are here separated.S. cow-leyi(Winterboum) is redescribed and details of its larva are given for the first time. The male and female ofS. townsendin. sp., and the females and larvae ofS. foxin. sp. andS. wattin. sp. are described.

ISSN:0301-4223    

DOI:10.1080/03014223.1984.10423755

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Aspects of breeding biology, larval development rates and temperature tolerance, and adult respiratory physiology of the hylid frogsLitoria raniformisandL. ewingiare compared. In Canterbury, the green frogL. raniformisbreeds in spring and summer and disappears in winter. Its larvae survived well in the laboratory at 23 ± 2°C but mortality was high at 15 ± 3°C. In contrast, the whistling frogL. ewingibreeds throughout the year in the South Island, and tadpoles had excellent survival at both temperatures.L. raniformishad a larval life-span of greater than 70 days at 23 ± 2°C, whereas mostL. ewingicompleted metamorphosis 50–64 days after hatching, at this temperature. During metamorphic climax ofL. raniformis, head-plus-body length remained nearly constant whilst the tail was resorbed, contrary to a previous report. At 23°C in the laboratory, adultL. ewingiand juvenileL. raniformisof the same size remained alert and had similar rates of oxygen consumption. However, at 7°CL. raniformisbecame torpid and the mean rate of oxygen consumption was significantly lower than that ofL. ewingi.These differences appear at least partially attributable to a relative independence of the effects of cold temperature on pulmonary and buccopharyngeal ventilation frequencies inL. ewingi.

ISSN:0301-4223    

DOI:10.1080/03014223.1984.10423756

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The density of a population of common skinks,Leiolopisma nigriplantare maccanni, in tussock grassland was measured before and after the vegetation was burnt. Population density declined 28%, from 1 lizard per 24 m2before the fire, to 1 lizard per 33 m2after the fire. Skink survival is attributed to the low heat of the fire and to the possible use of crevices for shelter.

ISSN:0301-4223    

DOI:10.1080/03014223.1984.10423757

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two of New Zealand’s honeyeaters, the tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae) and the bellbird (Anthornis melanura) can produce loud wing noises. In both species, modified primary feathers form slots in the wing that presumably make these noises. The slots of bellbirds are similar to those of hummingbirds (Trochilidae). Asymmetries in aggressiveness — as determined from inter- and intraspecific dominance — are closely related to the presence or size of the wing slots.

ISSN:0301-4223    

DOI:10.1080/03014223.1984.10423758

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The feral sheep of Arapawa Island, Marlborough, New Zealand, occupy a range of approximately 700 ha on the eastern slopes which border Cook Strait. There are about 120 animals, of which about 90% have black-pigmented wool. They are probably of merino origin and the flock may date from the 1860s. Adults make up 65% of the population and their sex ratio is 2 rams to 3 ewes. The ewe:lamb ratio averages about 1:0.4. The most common social groups are either all adult males or family groups of adult ewe(s) and progeny. In comparison with commercial merinos, the sheep produce fleeces of low greasy weight, high bulk and low yield. The fleece is often wholly or partially lost during an animal’s lifetime. The wool fibres have a higher average crimp than do those of commercial merinos but the mean diameter is similar. The fibre diameter distributions are markedly skewed towards coarseness. Skin characteristics such as the ratio of secondary to primary follicles (S/P ratios), follicle densities, and follicle depths are low compared to commercial merinos. The wool and skin characteristics of Arapawa sheep were compared with those of feral sheep from Pitt Island, Woodstock, Campbell Island, and Raglan which have quite different origins. They have different mean fibre diameters, but there is a common trend toward low greasy fleece weight, high bulk, low S/P ratios, and low follicle density.

ISSN:0301-4223    

DOI:10.1080/03014223.1984.10423759

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1984

数据来源: Taylor