摘要:

AbstractGeoarchaeological studies of alluvial fans in the northern Sny Bottom (Upper Mississippi River valley) focused on distal fan lobe processes, the effects of small‐scale landscape change on prehistoric locational decisions, and the resulting structure of the archaeological record. Aerial imagery together with coring and trenching of paleochannels on distal lobes found that frequent channel avulsion (1) produced abrupt landform/habitat changes and (2) shifted the primary loci of sediment deposition on fans through time. Analysis of wood charcoal from prehistoric occupations indicates that vegetation succession during post‐avulsion overbank aggradation along a new channel was characterized by a shift fromFraxinus‐dominated to mesophytic forest. Results also indicate that use of fans by Early Woodland (ca. 2550–2100 B.P.) and other foragers centered on portions along active channels. Shifting depositional loci on fans led to surfaces and depositional units of varying age, and hence a complex stratigraphic record of Holocene occu

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent geoarchaeological research in the Upper Gila River region of southeastern Arizona indicates the presence of two geochemically distinct archaeological obsidians occurring as small secondarily deposited nodules within the Quaternary gravels and alluvium. Approximately 32% of the nodules recovered in the sample are derived from the known and reported Mule Creek source upstream in western New Mexico. The remaining 68% of the nodules recovered are derived from another source somewhere in the area, probably in the Tertiary silicic volcanics along the San Francisco drainage or the Upper Gila proper. Additionally, analyses of the Mule Creek primary source data indicates significant geochemical variability not previously indicated by energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) studies. The presence of Mule Creek glass 50 or more kilometers from the primary source bears significantly on distance to source based studies where secondary deposition is not accounted fo

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe mineralogy and micromorphology of ceramics from the Ikiztepe site (Chalcolithic and Early Bronze) have firing characteristics that indicate low temperature levels and oxidizing conditions. Stress phenomena indicated by cracks most probably indicate a process of shrinkage. Illuviated clay suggests the occurrence of humid periods with vigorous precipitation, pluvials during the Holocene. Provenance of clays used for production of ceramics is determined to be of nearby surface soils.

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Double Mountain Fork of the Brazos River is an ephemeral stream that flows across the western Rolling Plains of West Texas. Intensive pedestrian archaeological survey, covering some 8700 acres of the drainage, produced a site inventory with a general paucity of identifiable Paleoindian and Early to Middle Archaic components, whereas Late Archaic and Late Prehistoric sites were widespread and found in a diversity of landscape positions. Geoarchaeological investigations were conducted in conjunction with this survey and later testing activities, and suggested that much of this temporally and spatially skewed archaeological record may be attributable to the evolution of landscapes during the late Pleistocene and Holocene time period, rather than original occupation intensities. Most of the landscape in the study area has been subject to erosional stripping, but in selected localities late Pleistocene and Holocene depositional landform‐sediment assemblages of fluvial, alluvial/colluvial fan, and eolian origin are preserved. With few exceptions, however, depositional contexts or stable geomorphic surfaces more than 3000 years old are erosionally truncated, completely absent, or deeply buried. As a result, a bias is imposed that renders older cultural records either poorly preserved or deeply buried and of low visibility to traditional survey techniques. Similar natural formation processes are likely at other locations on the western Rolling Plains, and should be considered during interpretation of prehistoric population dynamics in the area. The biases imposed by such natural formation processes on the western Rolling Plains are slightly different from other areas in the Southern Great Plains of the United States, but in most cases the known archaeological record corresponds with opportunities for preservation and visibility provided by geologic trajectories, and may reflect little on spatial and temporal discontinuities in prehistoric cultural activit

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ongoing archaeological excavations that started in 1986 on the site of the harbor of Phalasarna have confirmed that the ancient port described as a closed harbor by ancient geographers is, due to the regional uplift of west Crete, now situated on dry land, about 6.6 m above sea level. In this paper, after summarizing the geological background, the main historical sources and recent archaeological results, new stratigraphical data obtained from the sediments filling the harbor basin are presented and discussed. The harbor was fortified in the second part of the 4th century B.C. It was a military port, probably a base for pirates, and was destroyed and abandoned in the second part of the first century B.C. After that time the harbor basin was rapidly silted by marine then terrestrial sedimentation. Deposits corresponding to two tsunami waves have been identified and ascribed to events occurring in 66 A.D. and 365 A.D., respectively. About 1530 ± 40 yr B.P., probably in 365 A.D., when west Crete was suddenly uplifted by 6–9 m, Phalasarna harbor was removed permanently from marine influence. Radiometric dating confirms that the harbor could not have been in use in Roman times, in contradiction with ancientPeriploi, which continue to mention Phalasarna port until at least the second or third century A

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY