摘要:

AbstractPaleoecological data from two sites in central Pacific Panama have allowed the reconstruction of Late Pleistocene climate and vegetation in lowland areas, the timing of important environmental changes, and the generation of predictions concerning Paleoindian settlement and subsistence. The last 9000 years of the glacial period, from 20,000 B.P. until 11,050 B.P. were marked by climates cooler and drier than today's. The period from ca. 16,000 B.P. until 11,000 B.P. appears to have been the coolest and driest. We postulate that the major effects of these conditions were to have brought montane vegetation 900 m lower than its present range and to create tracts of open landscape along the Pacific coast. Forests, however, were widespread in extent and many lowland forest taxa apparently persisted, creating the basis for the rejection of refugial theory as an explanatory model for early human occupation. Neither the admittedly limited archaeological or paleoecological data indicated the presence of pre‐Clovis populations in Panama, and we chose to view Clovis as the first human expression on the Isthmus. Correlation of reconstructed environmental setting with Paleoindian site location suggests that Clovis adaptations were fluid and flexible, and utilized a wide variety of vegetation types. Occupation and modification of tropical forest appear to have been integral parts of Clovis subsistence and settlement strategie

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 17.5 m sedimentary core from Lake La Yeguada, central Panama provides the first complete Holocene sequence for the Pacific watershed of Lower Central America. Phytolith, pollen, and charcoal records document a long lowland history of foraging and food production. Human modification of tropical forests can be described as systematic during the early Holocene and was possibly associated with small‐scale (garden?) horticulture involving native tubers. The incorporation of seed crops like maize and development of slash and burn techiques for larger‐scale field systems is indicated by the increase of secondary forest taxa and removal of primary trees between 7000 and 4000 years ago. After this time, agricultural intensification in an essentially deforested landscape proceeded to the point where, by the time of Christ, agricultural abandonment of the lake watershed may have occurred as a result of loss of soil fertility. Events such as this in the interfluve forests may have, in part, precipitated the coalescence of population and settlement around the river valleys and the emergence of sedentary village l

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Barro Negro site (23°S lat., 65°37′W long.) in the Altiplano (Puna) of northwestern Argentina contains a well stratified sequence of remains ofHippidion, the American extinct horse, camelids, and archaeological materials, which is the focus of this study. In addition to establishing a reliable chronology, paleoenvironmental information was obtained based on analyses of pollen and stable isotopes (oxygen and carbon) from bone and marl. The data indicate thatHippidionwas present at the site between 12,000 and 10,000 yr B. P., at a time when Altoandean grasslands had expanded to lower elevations. By 10,000 yr B.P., when modern semi‐arid sub‐puna scrub had replaced the Altoandean grasslands, only camelids (LamaorVicugna) were present, simultaneous with the first evidence of local human occupation. This suggests that a climatic shift from cool and moist (winter rain regime) to warm and dry (summer rain regime) conditions took place simultaneously with the disappearance of the American horse and the appearance of camelids

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCerro La China, within the Tandilia Range, has a long archaeological record in which three different human occupations were identified. The geoarchaeological approach allowed us to correlate the archaeosedimentary columns at Site 2 and Site 3 and place the local stratigraphy in a regional context.The archaeologically rich stratigraphic sequence is composed of three episodes of loess deposition. The first bears a 10,600 yr B.P. Paleoindian occupation with Fishtail or Fell's Cave Stemmed points. It is followed by a soil‐forming interval which ended about 5000 yr B.P. with an erosive episode. The second event of loess deposition continued through an unknown span of time until a new soil‐forming interval started; it includes triangular stemless medium size projectile points corresponding to a different human group. By the sixteenth century another erosive event interrupted the soil‐forming interval. After this, the third short‐term eolian episode occurred and bears the most recent archaeological occupation marked by small triangular stemless

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340060309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY