ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340100510

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340100511

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340100512

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGeoarchaeological investigations at the Clovis type site, Blackwater Locality No. 1, in 1983 and 1984 included core drilling, archaeological test excavations, stratigraphic profiling, sedimentary analyses, and radiocarbon dating. Six lines of core holes transverse to the outlet channel clearly defined the subsurface configuration and stratigraphy of the prehistoric spring run. Pieces of large animal bone from units B, C, D, and E that elsewhere in the site contain Paleoindian artifacts suggest occurrences of additional buried sites along the ancient spring run. Four Paleoindian projectile points recovered during archaeological testing confirm these prospects. The Clovis type site, located in an abandoned gravel pit, is in a natural depression initially occupied by a late Pleistocene lake. After breaching of the depression by overflow or sapping, it became a springhead and was enlarged by slumping and slopewash. Detailed stratigraphic profiling of the south wall of the abandoned gravel pit provided precise stratigraphic control for sediment sampling and radiocarbon dating, and revealed more complex microstratigraphy and facies relationships than heretofore known for the site. The interfingering of dune facies around the depression with lacustrine and spring‐laid facies within it aid paleoclimatic interpretation. Deflational contacts within the depression appear to correlate with adjacent wedges of dune sand reflecting relatively arid intervals. Between these arid episodes occur intervals of increased ground water level attended initially by deposition of spring‐laid sands of unit B during the late Pleistocene (13,000–11,500 yr B.P.). As the water table rose following a period of severe deflation, slumping and gravity flow deposited clayey sand, Unit C, on the floor of the blowout between 11,500 and 11,000 yr B.P. During this time Clovis people first appeared at the site. After another brief period of deflation, a lake rose causing sand of Unit D0to be washed in from shore followed by deposition of diatomities, units D1and D2. These were separated by a brief influx of eolian sand, unit D2z. Between 10,800 and 10,000 yr B.P. outflow from the lake was reduced by accumulation of eolian sand in the outlet while Folsom people and later Agate Basin people arrived to hunt bison during this time. Cody complex people appeared during and after a brief erosional episode that preceded deposition of eolian silt and sand of units E and F from 10,000 to 8000 yr B.P. Eolian deposition during post‐Folsom time converted the pond to a wet meadow and eventually, during Cody time, to a grassy swale. Some of these deposits were blown out during the Altithermal arid period (ca. 8000‐5000 yr B.P.), a time when prehistoric Archaic peoples excavated wells in the floor of the depression. Subsequent eolian activity has resulted in deflation and dune migration during the late Holocene. The best prospects for Paleoindian finds are along the buried outlet south of the south wall and in early Holocene dune sands on the uplands around the depression. © 1995 John Wiley

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340100502

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Maya Postclassic (A. D. 900–1500) is a complex and poorly understood period of history which represents a conspicuous gap in the understanding of processes of social change in lowland Mesoamerica. Difficulties in interpreting this period are directly related to the stratigraphic context of Postclassic deposits such as those described in this examination of the site of Laguna de On, northern Belize. Belize Postclassic settlement has been heavily underestimated due to difficulties in detecting remains from this period in disturbed surface deposits. A lack of priority placed on Postclassic research in the southern Maya lowlands has also contributed to the relatively low number of large scale projects and refined descriptions of Postclassic remains that would enable regional synthetic reconstruction. Given the combined effect of problematic stratigraphy and limited professional attention, it is not surprising that the southern Maya lowlands are generally thought to have been drastically depopulated at the time of the collapse of Maya “civilization” around A.D. 900. © 1995 John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340100503

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340100504

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340100505

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340100506

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340100507

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340100508

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY