摘要:

AbstractWe have developed a new approach to the problem of the chemical fingerprinting of artifacts manufactured from volcanic rocks of basaltic and andesitic composition. The method is an adaptation of standard energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry and is based on the observation that for irregularly‐shaped rock fragments, the ratios of the intensities of the characteristic X‐rays of certain trace elements are proportional to the ratios of the concentrations of those elements. This observation has allowed us to obtain geochemical data about the artifacts in a way that is rapid, inexpensive, and nondestructive, making it particularly suited to archaeological applications. We have used our approach to compare a suite of artifacts from an archaeological site in Martis Valley, near Truckee, California, with a group of lava flows from the surrounding area. Using a numerical measure of the geochemical difference between samples, we have been able to group the artifacts on the basis of their geochemistry, to determine which artifacts were manufactured from material found in Martis Valley and, in at least one case, to identify the lava flow that was the actual source of the lithic material for several of the ar

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe combination of previously published pedological and phytolith analyses with new information on the geology, palynology, and an innovative analysis of archaeological chipped stone remains (including backplots, cluster analyses of artifacts, and chipped stone refitting) clarifies the environment and site formation of the mid‐Holocene deposits at the Laddie Creek site, Wyoming. Palynological analyses strengthen the argument made by Reider and Karlstrom (1987) that the site was slightly wetter and warmer during the Altithermal (7500–5000 B.P.). The mid‐Holocene environment at the site was conductive to the formation of soils and the preservation of archaeological deposits. A Cody Complex level associated with a colluvial C horizon provides evidence of greater movement of this material than that seen in the multiple Early Plains Archaic occupations associated with four A‐horizons. The cultural levels identified in laboratory analyses are palimspsests deposited during multiple occu

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTell Jemmeh (Tell Re'im) is in the climatically sensitive transitional zone between the southern Coastal Plain of Israel and the northwestern Negev. It is a major site that was inhabited from about 3500 to 200 B.C. with an occupation gap between ca. 3100 and 1800 B.C., possibly a result of a particularly dry period. Quaternary loess derived by winter dust storms from the Sinai and Sahara and reworked loess blanket the region. Imposed on these are well‐developed Holocene and Quaternary pedocal profiles that have been identified in the field and substantiated in the lab by variations in bulk chemical composition, petrography, and mineralogy by X‐ray diffraction. Pluvial events are evidenced by dark‐colored A‐horizons high in clay minerals, Al2O3, and Fe2O3and by periods of loess accumulation. Interpluvials and the Holocene commonly involved wind ablation and water erosion, and led to shallow depths with very high‐calcite B‐horizons. Some of the loessial soil horizons were found to be suitable ceramic clays, and their composition and petrography provide a basis for distinctions between locally made and imported ceramics, as well as to identifying modifications of local clay resources

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent investigations at a number of sites in the highlands of Guatemala have uncovered the existence of man‐made, man‐modified, and pseudo‐karst caves. The caves were excavated from volcanic or volcanically derived Tertiary and Quaternary age rocks, with construction methods varying according to rock hardness, and the pre‐existence of pseudo‐karst caves and springs. Some of these caves are of considerable length and are associated with site centers or places of particular ritual importance. Their continued role as local and even regional foci of ritual activity suggests that these features were created to lend a sense of sanctity to the sites where they are located. The analysis of these features within the context of site architecture deomonstrates the central symbolic importance of caves within Maya cultural

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0883-6353    

DOI:10.1002/gea.3340070211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Inc.    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY