摘要:

Partial obstruction of the left ureter was created in rats less than 36 h of age and its effects were studied at the age of 2–6 days. A considerable hydronephrosis with distension of the kidney developed within 1 day after obstruction, but there was no parenchymal weight reduction. The thickness of the mature, inner cortical layer was significantly decreased, suggesting a delay in the differention of the cortex. The parenchymal weight reduction, previously documented in our laboratory after long-standing ureteric obstruction, may thus be caused by a retardation of renal growth, which is never caught up, rather than by an atrophy of renal parenchyma or other destructive tissue lesions.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281471

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The significance of morphometric structural analyses in their clinical application to the organs of the urogenital tract is critically assessed. Morphometry is of prognostic relevance in examinations of carcinomas of the kidney, bladder and prostate, whereby the structural parameters and the DNA distribution patterns of the nuclei are crucial assessment criteria. For diagnostic purposes, morphometric structural analyses are mainly used in automated evaluations of cytological urine specimens. Especially in the diagnosis of highly differentiated tumors of the bladder, flow photocytometry and image analysis are certainly superior to the visual cytological urinalyses in use today.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281472

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Human prostate tumor cells, LNCaP, contain androgen receptors and respond to androgens with increased growth rate. Although other steroid hormone receptors are not detectable in LNCaP cells, progesterone and estradiol stimulate the growth of these cells. The androgen receptor shows considerable cross binding activity with progesterone and estradiol but not with the glucocorticoid triamcinolone acetonide. The latter steroid does not have any effect on cell proliferation. LNCaP cells respond to epidermal growth factor (EGF) with an increased growth rate. Steroids that stimulate LNCaP cell proliferation also increase the number of EGF receptors per cell. In conclusion, LNCaP cells are sensitive to EGF. Different steroids bind to the androgen receptor and stimulate the proliferation of human prostate tumor cells. This stimulation of growth is preceded by an increase in EGF receptor number per cell.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281473

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ciclosporin (CsA) and keyhole-limpet hemocyanin (KLH) are potent immunomodulators. Their effects on the induction of bladder carcinoma were investigated in Wistar rats using N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) as a known initiator of bladder carcinoma. In a first series the immunosystem was suppressed by CsA. Rats treated with 0.05% BBN + CsA 5 mg/kg/day or CsA 12.5 mg/kg/day orally developed a CsA dose-dependent (2-to 4-fold) enhancement of bladder tumor expansion as compared to 0.05% BBN application alone. In contrast, immunovariation by stimulation with KLH 12.5 mg i.ves. + 0.5 mg s.c. 2 ×/week after being sensitized with 1 × 1 mg KLH s.c. resulted in a reduction of BBN-induced bladder tumors. The results confirm the immunosurveillance theory that effective expression of immunoresponse may be important in the control of tumor development. The effective immunostimulation by KLH support the concept of immunotherapy in bladder cancer.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281474

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Between March 1983 and March 1988 we registered and treated 49 patients with bladder cancer less than 40 years of age (7 patients less than 30 years of age). Hematuria was present in 40 cases (81.6%). 33 of the patients had a pTA tumor (67.3%). 47 patients had transitional carcinoma of the bladder, of which 21 (44.7%) showed hallmarks of aggressive behavior (muscle invasion, recurrences, associated severe epithelial atypia); all of these patients were between 31 and 39 years of age. 15 patients had a recurrence (30.6%), of which 3 showed progression (all between 31 and 39 years of age). This report supports the view that transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is less aggressive in patients less than 30 years of age. We still advise however to do a full diagnostic workup in case of symptoms of bladder tumor, and to treat the patient according to the pathological classification, regardless of the age.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281475

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A retrospective study reports 65 patients with metastatic disease from nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors who underwent a salvage lymphadenectomy either to remove a residual mass or to confirm a complete clinical response after polychemotherapy. Scarring was found in 23 patients (35%), differentiated teratoma in 25 patients (39%) and residual cancer in 17 patients (26%). Of the 12 patients staged as complete responders 2 were found to have cancer, 4 teratoma and 6 fibrosis. Neither tumor markers nor CT scan could accurately predict which patients with residual masses would have cancer, mature teratoma or necrosis. Thus needle biopsy or limited resection is inadequate in its ability to detect persistent vital tumor. After a follow-up of 10–106 months 49 patients (75%) are living with no evidence of disease. 12 patients (19%) died of tumor progress. The most critical prognostic determinant was the nature of the tissue resected. 21 (91%) of 23 patients with only fibrous or necrotic elements are living with no evidence of disease. However, of 17 patients with persistent cancer in the resected tissue only 8 patients (47%) fared well. Our experience confirms the original concept which called for postchemotherapeutic tumor surgery in all patients who demonstrated either a partial or complete clinical response.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281476

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of kallikrein on the Sertoli cells was investigated to determine the rat testicular androgen binding component (ABC = androgen binding protein + androgen receptor) concentration using the dextran-coated charcoal method. The results showed that the concentrations of testicular ABC were increased significantly by the administration of kallikrein to levels approaching those seen after stimulation by LH-RH or FSH. Therefore, it is suggested that kallikrein has an effect that influences the Sertoli cells directly or indirectly.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281477

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A prospective evaluation of the therapeutic effect of neuromuscular electrical pelvic floor stimulation was performed in 55 women with urinary stress incontinence awaiting surgical repair. Chronic stimulation was applied anally or vaginally by an integrated plug electrode for a median of 5.4 months. After therapy, 68% of the patients were continent or had improved so such that the planned operation was cancelled. At 2-year follow-up, the persisting success rate after electrostimulation was reduced to 56%, 31% had undergone surgical repair or were awaiting colposuspension, 9% were still incontinent, but refused surgery, and 4% were deceased. However, in the high-compliance group of 45 patients who had used the device regularly for at least 3 months, the success rate of pelvic floor stimulation was 72% at 2-year follow-up. The therapeutic effect could be verified objectively by positive changes in clinical stress test and dynamic urethral pressure profile. Approximately E 2,300 were saved for each patient avoiding surgery. A 40% reduction of the total cost of stress incontinence therapy was attained by the presented model.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281478

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a clinical study the ultrasonic determination of the residual bladder volume is evaluated by applying several echographic methods described in the literature. 163 patients (age 3–89 years, 114 males and 49 females) and 13 students were examined. Only in the latter group the bladder volume was also determined by a planimetric method. The most practical method showed a good agreement (with a maximum deviation of 25%) between the ultrasonically measured volumes and the volumes measured by catheterization in 66% of the cases. This method makes use of the formula Vus = 0.5(Vt + V1), where Vus = residual volume estimated by ultrasonography; Vt = volume measured by the computer using the largest transversal ultrasonic bladder section, and V1 = volume measured for the largest longitudinal section). Factors that influence image quality and accuracy because of changes in the form of the bladder were analyzed. The magnitude of the residual volume determined the image quality and the accuracy above all: lower volumes give worse images and are less accurate. Other factors seem to be relatively unimportant. To avoid discomfort, caused by urine tract infection and urethral strictures, ultrasonic determination of the residual urine is recommended for clinical application.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281479

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The value of emergency room renal scan in acute renal colic was evaluated. Based on obstructive pattern on renal scan, 53 cases were admitted. The results indicate that only in 13 cases (25%) there was a need for further inpatient investigation followed by interventional treatment. In all 13 cases, either elevated fever, impaired renal function or intractable pain were present, in addition to an obstructive renal scan pattern. In the majority (75%) of cases, when there were no adjunctive ominous signs, hospital admission based only on an obstructed renal scan, showed need for conservative therapy only and was rather unjustified.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000281480

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger