ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000283047

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Because we hypothesized that cell death when bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was instillated was correlated with apoptosis, cultured urinary bladder carcinoma cells were treated with BCG and examined whether they showed cell death due to apoptosis. Although the proliferative activity of T24 cells was suppressed, we could not recognize apoptosis clearly. Cell cycle analysis indicated an increased number of apoptotic cells, but no DNA degeneration was seen when DNA electrophoresis was applied, and few apoptotic cells were detected by an in situ apoptosis detection kit. As a result, cell death of T24 cells when BCG was applied may have other mechanisms except apoptosis

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000283049

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present study was undertaken to analyze the changes in neuroendocrine cells of the human prostate induced by neoplasms and the effect of hormonal treatment. Samples of human prostate (n = 47) were obtained during surgery or removal of organs for transplantation. The cases analyzed represent normal prostates (n = 4); benign prostatic hyperplasias (n = 10; prostatic carcinomas with Gleason scores of 2-4 (n = 5), 5–7 (n = 10), and 8–10 (n = 3), and prostatic carcinomas treated with hormonal therapy (n = 15). Immunohistochemistry for chromogranin A was performed, and the density of neuroendocrine cells as well as the intensity of the immunostaining within their cytoplasms were evaluated using image analysis. Neuroendocrine cells showing chromogranin A immunoreactivity were identified in all cases studied. They were localized scattered in the acini, and no differences in their morphology were observed among groups. Interestingly, chromogranin A immunoreactivity was also present in typical epithelial cells of prostatic cancer with Gleason scores ranging from 8 to 10. The density of chromogranin A immunoreactive cells was higher in neoplastic tissue with respect to the normal prostate, reaching maximal values in prostatic carcinomas with Gleason scores of 8–10 which were hormonally treated. Regarding the intensity of immunostaining in the prostatic carcinomas with Gleason scores of 8–10 only, a significant increase in relation to the other groups was found. The present results demonstrate that the neuroendocrine cells have similar morphological features and distribution in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostatic carcinoma. Their density in prostatic cancer increases following hormonal therapy and varies in relation to the tumoral degree or histological evaluation, suggesting a role of neuroendocrine cells in human prostatic

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000283051

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

To investigate whether the differences in histological composition would be responsible for the grade of bladder outlet obstruction evaluated by pressure-flow (P-F) study and that increase in some histological components would result in increased degree of the obstruction, we evaluated relationships between morphometic data and results of P-F study. All prostate specimens with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), obtained from 18 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate, were analyzed by quantitative morphometry. Preoperatively each patient underwent P-F study. Stroma comprised the greater part of prostate (73%). Of all histological elements, fibrous tissue was the largest (48%). The relative and total volume of respective components showed no correlationships with parameters in P-F study. The differences in tissue composition did not affect the outcome of urodynamics. This result was the same even in a smooth muscle-rich subgroup. Also, in view of how small or large fibrous tissue and glandular elements were, no significant correlationships could be pointed out. The degree of infravesical obstruction and the outcome of P-F study cannot be explained by histological composition alone.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000283052

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Thermo-dependent changes in the secondary structure of the epithelium and stroma of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy combined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). This microscopic FT-IR/DSC system was used to simulate transurethral thermotherapy for BPH in vitro. The results indicate that thermal-induced conversion from an α helix to a β structure was found in the epithelium and stroma of BPH. However, this thermal-induced conversion behavior in the stroma was less sensitive than that in the epithelium during thermal treatment. The different thermal response between the epithelium and stroma of BPH might be due to the different constitutions of the epithelium and stroma of BP

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000283053

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Objectives: To evaluate whether the ipsilateral renal function on the tumor side is a prognostic factor in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the ureter. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 129 consecutive patients with ureteral TCC between September 1973 and July 1993 at our hospital. There were 98 males and 31 females aged from 31 to 84 years (mean 64.9). Of them, 126 patients who received intravenous pyelography (IVP) were divided into 3 groups according to their radiological findings (group 1: nonvi-sualization of kidney at tumor side; group 2: hydronephrosis or hydroureter; group 3: no obstruction). Eighty patients receiving radionuclide (131I-hippuran) renal function test (RRFT) with available effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were divided into 2 groups using ipsilateral ERPF 50 ml/min as a cutoff value (group 1: 50 ml/min). The mean survival of each group was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: For patients receiving IVP, the mean survivals were 61.7, 99.7 and 83.8 months for groups 1,2, and 3, respectively, and the differences between each 2 of the 3 groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). For patients having RRFT, the mean survivals were 65.8 months for group 1 and 89.2 months for group 2 patients, and the difference between them was statistically significant (p < 0.05). When renal function, tumor number, grade, stage and type of treatment were analyzed using a multivariate method, only tumor stage was statistically significant as a prognostic factor. Conclusion: Ipsilateral renal function at the tumor side is not a good prognostic factor for patients with ureteral TCC. However, when the stage of tumor is not available, renal function at the tumor side may provide an implication of the patient’s prognosi

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000283054

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Between January 1981 and December 1995, 15 patients were treated for Leydig cell tumor at our institution – 12 by radical orchiectomy, 3 by tumor enu-cleation. All patients were contacted to assess the long-term outcome depending on the treatment initially chosen. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 161 months (mean 56). In no case was progressive disease documented, in 1 case local recurrence was witnessed 4 months after tumor enucleation despite negative resection margins. We conclude that a small Leydig cell tumor can safely be managed by local enucleation alon

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000283055

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In this study we attempt to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in situ versus retrograde stone manipulation before ESWL (ESWL+push back) in patients with proximal ureteral stones with regard to tissue damage and inflammatory processes. Several studies have revealed that C-reactive protein (CRP) is a useful marker for tissue damage and inflammation. Thirty patients following primary ESWL in situ, with residual calculi, were randomized to retreatment with ESWL in situ or ESWL+push back. Four of 15 patients in the ESWL+push back group demonstrated an increase in CRP levels after treatment compared with no significant increase in 15 patients in the ESWL in situ group. We conclude that ESWL+push back did not cause significantly higher CRP values than ESWL in situ. ESWL+push back may cause irritation, inflammation, and slight tissue damage in some cases; however, these effects are probably minor and would not contraindicate its use. The implications of this study are that serum CRP levels may be utilized to monitor tissue injury in patients undergoing auxiliary procedures.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000283056

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Both extracorporeal Shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscopy are well-established methods in stone treatment; however, the therapeutic procedure in ureteral calculi, especially in the distal third of the ureter, is still controversially discussed. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of ureteroscopy as an auxiliary measure after ESWL and its importance as an alternative therapeutic option in the treatment of distal ureteral stones. Between 1991 and 1994, 115 ureteroscopic procedures in 104 patients with ureteral stones or stone fragments were carried out at our institution. During the same period of time, 1,595 patients with ureteral calculi (in the proximal two thirds of the ureter: n = 956; in the distal third of the ureter: n = 639) were treated with a Dornier HM-3 lithotriptor. In 77 of those 104 patients treated by ureteroscopy, this procedure was indicated as an auxiliary measure after failure of ESWL including 34 out of the 639 patients (5.3%) with stones in the distal part of the ureter. The overall direct success rate during the ureteroscopic stone treatment (including 11 cases with a second procedure) in the proximal, middle and distal third of the ureter was 74, 81 and 92%, respectively. The success rate of primary ureteroscopic removal of distal-third ureteral stones alone was 100% in 27 of these 104 patients. After 3 months the overall stone-free rate of all patients treated with ureteroscopy was 94%. Ureteroscopy appears to be a safe and effective treatment modality, if used as an auxiliary measure after failure of ESWL as well as a primary treatment modality in the case of stones in the distal third of the ureter. On the other hand, ESWL alone is a noninvasive and also successful procedure in treating stones situated in the distal part of the ureter.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000283057

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A case of complex urinary tract reconstruction is reported. Reduction of ileocecocystoplasty, performed in a young boy for undiversion, was necessary together with native binephrectomy before renal transplantation 9 years later. Transplantation was successfully performed after cystoplasty volume reduction and decrease of outlet resistance obtained with unilateral TUIP. Enterocystoplasty is a reasonable option for bladder rehabilitation in patients requiring renal transplantation for end-stage renal disease caused by lower tract dysfunction.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000283058

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1997

数据来源: Karger