摘要:

The urinary stream breaks up into drops shortly after leaving the external meatus. For normal males the frequency of the drops is related in a characteristic way to the flow rate. From this relation the elastic properties of an elastic constriction near the external meatus are calculated, using a theory of flow through distensible tubes. The elastic constriction behaves as if rigid at low flow rates, but distends elastically at flow rates above a critical value. This theoretical result is verified by observations of the stream emerging from a mechanical model, constructed with similar elastic properties. Functional meatal stenosis is associated with a lack of distensibility at the higher flow rates, which is reflected clinically in a changed relation between drop frequency and flow rate. Measurement of the relation, by the urinary drop spectrometer, offers a quick, non-invasive way of diagnosing this type of urethral obstruction.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280068

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Authors performed electronic stimulation of the paralysed bladder that was attributed to various innervation troubles. For this purpose, they implanted 10 patients with stimulator Model PMS-3, each with 8 electrodes. In three cases, outside factors (like endocarditis, pyelonephritis aposthematosa, and progress of paralysis in the limbs) forced them to remove the stimulator. The other cases can be declared as successful, for complete bladder emptying has been obtained. The authors want to emphasize that patients with an implanted stimulator can dispense with an indwelling catheter thereby avoiding vesicoureteral reflux. The absence of recurrent pyelonephritis results in prolonged health. This new technique seems to be appropriate, especially in peripheric paralysis, while central paralysis connected with fibrosis of the bladder neck often requires additional surgical intervention, e.g., transurethral resection.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280069

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

It is shown that the site-frequency distribution of carcinomas relative to the upper and lower hemispheres of the urinary bladder is inhomogeneous. It is pointed out that the contact with urine is the important etiological factor and that other factors, if any, play only a secondary role. It is suggested that prolonged (forced) retention of urine should be avoided. Investigation of urinary carcinogens is needed.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280070

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Dependent drainage of a lower pole pyelocaliceal diverticulum was achieved by uretero-diverticulostomy in eight patients who already had compromised renal function due to bilateral megaureters or posterior urethral valves. This procedure preserves all functional renal parenchyma and the ureteropelvic junction is left undisturbed. This is the first description of such a procedure for the treatment of lower polar pyelocaliceal diverticulum.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280071

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study deals with the role of the stone matrix substance in formation of urinary stones. A series of coagulation experiments were conducted by determining the sedimentation rate of calcium carbonate suspension with respect to the following substances: sodium alginate, stone matrix substance, bovine albumin and chondroitin sulfate C, these were each added to a separate fine particle suspension of calcium carbonate. Changes in ξ-potential of the suspension particles after addition of the above materials were determined microscopically using Usui’s method. The results obtained in this study indicate that sodium alginate, the matrix substance, bovine albumin and chondroitin sulfate C act on the suspension particles, and as a result, coagulation is produced by a decrease of the ξ-potential of the particles. Application of kinetic energy to the coagulate caused by sodium alginate resulted in the formation of a solid. From these results it is considered that the matrix substance is not incorporated by accident in urinary stones, but it participates in the formation of t

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280072

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Aneurysmectomy and renal angioplasty were performed on a 14-year-old Japanese male and the blood pressure was within normal values 3 years after this surgery. Measurement of renal blood flow was facilitated by using 133Xe washout technique. This incidence is the eighth such case to be reported from Japan.

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280073

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Thymic-dependent lymphocytic blastogenesis of peripheral blood lymphocytes of 59 patients with varying stages of prostatic cancer to the non-specific plant mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and the correlation of their responsiveness with the clinical stage of malignancy and level of α2-globulin have been evaluated. Patients within each of the four stages of malignancy possessed statistically significant extrinsic (noted in 40 (68%) of 59 patients) and intrinsic (noted in 21 (47%) of 45 patients) aberrations of their lymphocytic responsiveness to PHA compared with the responsiveness of a control population of non-cancer patients. The observed aberrations were, however, not significantly different between each stage nor did they correlate with the stage of disease. Similarly, levels of α2-globulin, while significantly elevated within each stage, as compared with levels in the control population, no significant differences or correlation with the stage of disease was observed. Of interest, perhaps pending further study, were observations of the increased frequency of the number of patients with a significant elevation of α2 with a progression of malignancy from localized to invasive and metastatic disease. A similar trend in the incidence of the association of aberrations of lymphocytic reactivity with elevated levels of α2 were also noted with a progression of disease. The present confirmatory observations of a recent study in this laboratory of diminished cellular responsiveness in patients with prostatic cancer may be of considerable relevance in directing the therapeutic management of the patient – lest the therapy selected be further debilitating providing reduced surveillance – metastization of tumour cells, and alteration of tumour-host home

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280074

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of oestrogen, cryosurgery and transurethral resection (TUR) of the prostate on the blastogenic response of thymic-dependent peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to the non-specific mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was evaluated as one in vitro criteria of each of these treatment modalities on the cellular immunologic responsiveness of 24 patients with prostatic cancer. A depression 5 days following receipt of oestrogen and 2–7 days following cryosurgery or TUR of the responsiveness of PHA-stimulated PBL was observed. Oestrogen-induced aberrations of responsiveness may not only be of relevance in prostatic cancer patients, but also to the suggested association between uterine cancer and prolonged administration of diethylstilboesterol and the development of vaginal tumours in offspring found in association with maternal ingestion during pregnancy. Particularly striking was that contrary to the reduced responsiveness of PBL cultured in autologous and homologous serum from patients receiving TUR, patients receiving cryosurgery, while also showing reduction in autologous serum, showed increased responsiveness when cultured in homologous serum. Although transient, depression of lymphocyte responsiveness, particularly if involving tumour-cloned T cells, may provide reduced surveillance to potential metastatic tumour cells leading to an alteration of tumour-host homeostasis. The potential of reduced tumour surveillance at least in the case of TUR, appears to be supported by observations that patients expiring from prostatic cancer at our institution had an antecedent TUR. The possibility of identifying those patients possessing aberrations of responsiveness prior to therapy, as well as those prone to develop or undergo further reductions in their responsiveness following the presently evaluated treatment modalities would appear to be of real and relevant concern in the management of the patient with prostatic, as well as other types of malignant neoplasms. The possibility of pre-operative and/or post-operative immunotherapy in such patients may be indicated pending further stud

ISSN:0042-1138    

DOI:10.1159/000280075

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger