摘要:

ABSTRACTIn orthodox economic theory individuals are modelled as rational economic consumers maximising their utilities given their preferences and the market prices of the commodities over which preferences are defined. This paper challenges the validity of such an approach. Commercial forces originating in the objectives of producers are likely to exert an influence on preferences and the choice set open to the individual is restricted by the requirements of the market system. Once it is established that the wants to which production is responding are determined, at least in part, within the system of production, then the whole structure of the system is invertible: adjustments can be brought about just as easily by the manipulation of preferences as by the reallocation of the budget by the individual. One implication of our analysis is that there are likely to be a wide range of contexts in which conventional market structures do not provide the most efficient form of resource allocation. The paper concludes by drawing out the implications of the analysis for the design of industrial policy.

ISSN:0026-1386    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-999X.1992.tb00704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0026-1386    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-999X.1992.tb00705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0026-1386    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-999X.1992.tb00706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0026-1386    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-999X.1992.tb00707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0026-1386    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-999X.1992.tb00708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0026-1386    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-999X.1992.tb00709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0026-1386    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-999X.1992.tb00710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0026-1386    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-999X.1992.tb00711.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTwo of the most important challenges in the last decade of our century are the problems of «environmental protection» and «technological risks». As a response to these challenges the public calls for «minimization of environmental deterioration» and «maximization of security». These demands are empty formulae if other requirements are ignored.Both demands have to be stated within the framework of the other aims that are important in a modern economy.In this connection, we extend the well‐known uneasy quadrangle of economic policy to what we call the uneasy nonagon of economic, environmental and security policy. Since the nine aims of this nonagon are, at least in part, not very consistent, a wealth of difficult problems arise. Solutions to these problems cannot be given immediately. This paper is intended to draw attention to the form and the formulation of the problems. In this context, the requirements of «environmental protection» and «security» are the focal points

ISSN:0026-1386    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-999X.1992.tb00712.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0026-1386    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-999X.1992.tb00713.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY