摘要:

AbstractAn implementation method is proposed for parallel production systems on multicomputers, or message‐passing computers, to speed up execution time. There have been proposed parallel production systems using hash mechanism, but they cause a skewed load distribution problem. To obtain more efficient balance of load, the method addressed here and named clustered parallel production systems (CPPS) adopts two load balancing strategies: hash and demand‐driven. Taking account of the cost of termination detection, the execution time of the CPPS and simple hash method are estimated, and implement on an nCube2. The estimation meets the execution results. The CPPS provides much better load balance to improve scalabil

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of evaluating the maximum number of switching gates. We propose both exact and approximate algorithms to evaluate the maximum or nearly maximum number of switching gates based on the branch‐and‐bound method. In these methods, iterations of partially exhaustive enumeration and information from circuit structure are used to prune the search space. These methods are implemented on Sun workstations and experiments for ISCAS'85 and ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits have been done. For small circuits, the maximum number of switching gates can be easily evaluated using the exact algorithm. For large circuits, results for the approximate algorithm are compared with results obtained by applying randomly generated vector pairs. It has been shown that the approximate method is better than the lat

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCenju‐3 is a parallel computer in which up to 256 processing elements (PEs) are connected by a highspeed multistage interconnection network. In designing the system, the architecture is tuned for up to a 256 processor system. A VR4400 with 1 MB of secondary cache memory is implemented on a multi‐chip‐module to realize a compact and high‐performance PE. The multistage network is implemented very compactly. The number of the cables is equal to the number of processors. The dedicated network interface hardware designed for the system achieves low latency and high throughput. This paper presents the machine architecture and its eva

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes both a Japanese language analysis system and an English language generation system. The knowledge utilized by these systems has been incorporated into a context‐based machine translation system (CONTRAST) developed by the Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL). The Japanese language analysis component of the CONTRAST system consists of individual modules to analyze syntax, semantics and context. The syntactic analysis module is a completely parallel parsing system based on Earley's algorithm. The semantic analysis module conducts analysis based on case relations. The contextual analysis module creates an intermediate representation that correspond to original text. It does this by placing events included in the semantic analysis results for each individual sentence within a framework that is read out from the general knowledge described as a process model in the concept dictionary. The English text generation system of CONTRAST begins with this intermediate representation. Then, referring to the concept dictionary (common with the analysis module), it creates English text according to generation rules created from the real life text data dependent knowledge relating to English newspaper articles. The format of the concept dictionary, which consists of descriptions of general knowledge, and the format of the intermediate representation, which is a description of the contextual information contained in each body of text, are the same. The outline of the conceptual system employed and studies on the process of creating this system are also discusse

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAnti‐aliasing is generally an expensive process because either super‐sampling or sophisticated rendering is required. This paper presents a new type of antialiasing filter,pixel tracingfilter, for animation sequences, which does not require an additional sample or additional calculation in the rendering phase. The filter calculates the correlation among the images using animation information, and sub‐pixel information is extracted from the sequence based on the correlation. Theoretical studies prove that the filter becomes an ideal anti‐aliasing filter in the limit that the filter size is infinite. The algorithm is simple image processing implemented as post‐filtering. The computational cost is independent of the complexity of the scene. Experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the scene. Experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the filter. Almost complete anti‐aliasing was achieved at the rate of approximately 30 s per frame for very complex scenes at the resolution of 256 × 256 pixels. The pixel‐tracing filter provides effective anti‐aliasing for animation sequences at a very modest co

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports on hardware implementation of a labeling algorithm using a combination of raster scanning and boundary tracking. For the prototype board, a new method is employed for generating addresses of image memory so that boundary tracking is efficient. Since boundary tracking is used, there is no need for working memory for storage of initial labels. Hence the circuit becomes compact, and the labeling can be performed without restricting the number of labels. Furthermore, it can also count the number of holes when labeling and it can set the minimum or maximum boundary length of the region to be labeled. This board is constructed using only general purpose ICs; for a 512 × 512 image, the processing time is approximately 50 ms

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper considers the user‐centered spontaneous speech dialogue system TOSBURG‐II (Taskoriented dialogue system based on speech understanding and response generation), and discusses the design from the viewpoint of media technology and a multimodal interface. The authors have developed element techniques, including spontaneous speech understanding, user‐center dialogue control, multimodal response generation and speech response cancelling, all based on the noise‐immune word‐spotting and key‐words. The concept is that “no constraint is imposed on the user.” By integrating these techniques, the realtime speech dialogue system for an unspecified user is developed. The speech dialogue data acquisition/ evaluation system is constructed on the real system. The system can record real speech data as well as the intermediate result of processing in the dialogue system, such as keyword spotting, speech understanding and dialogue processing. The system can also be utilized in the construction of the speech dialogue corpus and the evaluation/improvement of the human factor aspect, in addition to the evaluation of the system performance. As a result of trial use and evaluation experiment for the real system for unspecified users, it is verified that spontaneous speech understanding based on the interruption function by the user and the multimodal response and keywords, is useful in improving the naturalness of the dialogue

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper considers the spoken dialogue interface, which is the basic system for the multimodal interface by speech, and discusses the handling of the interruption that ensures the user the timing‐free utterances. In the interruption by the user, if the utterance by the system is designed with the sentence as the unit, as in the conventional system, there will be produced a difference between the designed content of the utterance and the actually uttered content or the content received by the user. From such a viewpoint, the following method is proposed.The unit for the utterance planning is defined as the information to be transmitted by a sentence, and which information is received is always monitored through the management of the turn‐taking between the speakers of the dialogue. As a result of experiment, the handling of smooth interruption is recognized in more than half the subjects. Using the proposed method, the difference between the utterance planned by the system and the utterance received by the user is reduced. It is verified also that the interface is made more convenient by the handling of the interruption. The time required for the user to complete the task is reduced by 7 percent, and the number of positive topic proposals is increased by 21 perc

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY