摘要:

AbstractThis paper discusses a logical verificational theory GQOT for concurrent processes which communicate and synchronize by asynchronous message passing. In concurrent processes, especially, in distributed systems, each process acts independently, and yet one operation is done as a whole by communicating and synchronizing. Thus, regarding each process as having its own local time, we formalize each by a temporal theory QOT. Then regarding all the concurrent processes as a complete graph with each process as a node, we formalize it as space G. GQOT is the merge of G and QOT. In this paper we define this GQOT and, moreover, to make it more suitable for concurrent processes, introduce a sort of action, concept of interval‐time and an operator “next.” Then, we show the description and verification of the concurrent processes and its prope

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBlood flow information has been available without negatively affecting human tissues since ultrasonic Doppler techniques were introduced in medical diagnosis. But difficulties with conventional techniques include the acquisition and display of two‐dimensional data in real‐time. To overcome such difficulties, we developed a real‐time two‐dimensional blood‐flow imaging system using a complex autocorrelation technique which could display flow direction, mean flow velocity, and flow variance. In this system, blood‐flow data are displayed in color and superimposed over a black/white tomographic image (tissue form image). This paper describes an outline of the principle, the configuration of the new system and relevant experimental results. It also discusses problems that arise in employing the technique. Clinical evaluation at hospitals which use the system has proven that the system is very useful for the diagnosis of vario

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the multichannel communication network, more than one message can be transmitted in parallel through several channels. This paper defines response time as the time from the origination of a transmission request to the transmission completion, and discusses the time complexity in estimating the maximum response time in the multichannel communication network. The messages are transmitted in the network using simultaneously a set of channels (called a channel set). In the transmission of a message, a request may be issued for one or more channel sets. It is shown that the computational complexity is either polynomial or NP‐hard, depending on the number of requested channel set

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn redundant binary representation, 1, 0 and 1 are used in each digit. It is known that the representation can realize a parallel high‐speed addition where a carry propagation over two or more digits is not produced, which helps to execute various functional computations at a high speed. By further extending the idea of the redundant binary representation, the redundantP‐ary representation can be constructed withP(= 2, 3, 4, …) as the base. In the representation,Knegative integers 0, 1, 2, …,P‐ 1, can be used as the digit, in addition to the usualPpositive integers 1, 2, 3, …,K(= ‐K). WhenK= 1, the redundantP‐ary representation is called the minimum redundantP‐ary representation. This paper considers the minimum redundantP‐ary representation, and shows that an addition algorithm exists where the carry propagation over more than two digits is not produced for arbitrary baseP, as in the case of the redundant binary representation. By increasingPin the proposed algorithm, the digits of the data can be reduced which will lead to a high‐speed functional computation device wi

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCombining the human and the computer to form an information processing system, an integrated model is constructed. This paper proposes, as a practical model for such an integrated information processing mechanism, a hierarchical network model composed of cooperative functional modules. As examples of such a model, a cooperative functional module model for the visual pattern recognition and symbolic inference in human problem solving, as well as the cooperative functional module model for the interactive processing of Japanese language are discussed. Then the integrated man‐computer functional module model is discussed from the viewpoint of matching/nonmatchings among various component module

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe authors are developing an arbitrary text speech synthesis system, and aiming at the improvement of the synthesized speech quality, the effect of the prosodic information data of the speech, e.g., pitch structure and the time structure, on the speech intelligibility was evaluated by a listening experiment using synthesized speech. It was verified quantitatively by the result of experiment that the pitch information works efficiently in the speech listening without attention concentration, aiding the understanding of the speech. It was seen that the accent information is especially important, so that the accent should be attached to the text speech synthesis system resulting in an accuracy as high as 98 percent or more. It was shown that the existence or nonexistence of the phrase component does not affect speech intelligibility. Some results of the experiment suggest a direction toward improving the performance of the speech recognition system. It was seen that if the phrase recognition rate of 70 percent is achieved in the speech recognition system from the acoustic viewpoint, the rate can be improved up to 90 percent or more without using the pitch information by employing the lower‐ and higher‐level linguistic knowledge' processing. The importance of these factors in improving the intelligibility are in the order of lexicon, context, and accent informat

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is desirable that office workstations be provided for each office worker with his/her own man‐machine interface and services. This paper describes a service environment in which the user can designate the desired value for each service parameter, and can generate new services by modifying and/or combining the primitive services. The workstation automatically generates the user's own interface and services according to his/her operation sequences on the display screen, where special icons, called item icons, as well as desktop icons are displayed. Item icons are passed among application program

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper investigates evaluative cognition and attention, which are the most important human abilities required in the manmachine system. A mathematical model for the evaluative cognition is proposed, and an effort is made to describe clearly the basic relation between the evaluative cognition based on the importance of several simultaneously presented information data and the attention allocation based on the result of the evaluative cognition. The information cognition space is introduced into the model to represent the state which describes the human information cognition. In the space, the information is compressed into the set of information expectation values, and then the evaluative cognition is performed. The allocation of attention is formulated as the ratio of the object information expectation values to the sum of the presented information expectation values. By the proposed evaluative cognition model, a clearer theoretical basis is provided for the attention allocation model. To verify the validity of the attention allocation model, a psychological experiment was made in which several figures are presented for a short interval (0.5 s). The results of experiment agreed almost completely with theoretical values, indicating the validity of the theory.

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTesting in software development is very important since it is the final refining stage before realizing the software to the user and requires a large amount of development resources. In this paper, the time‐dependent behavior of the test effort, such as the manpower spent in the testing process, is represented by exponential and Rayleigh functions, and the software reliability growth model is discussed, which includes the test‐effort functions. The nonhomogeneous Poisson process is assumed as the stochastic principle describing the software error‐detection phenomenon in the testing procedure. Especially, the variance analysis is discussed to determine the significance of the estimation of the test‐effort function by the least‐square method, as well as the prediction of the test effort invested at an arbitrary testing time. It is shown that the software reliability measure derived from the proposed model is a function of the invested test effort. Not only is the point estimation presented, but also the interval estimation. Examples are shown where the proposed model is applied to the actually observed test data, and the goodness‐of‐fit is compared with the existing software reliability growth models. As a result, the goodness‐of‐fit of the proposed model is verified, where the effect of the invested test eff

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn illusion is not simply a visionproduced error, but a phenomenon produced in the normal visual sensation. To clarify the visual perception process, various studies have been made concerning illusions, especially the geometrical illusion. This paper presents a model of the illusion process using figure transformation rules, and discusses the illusion using the model. The figure transformation rules used in this paper are as follows:1The acute angle is perceived to be larger, and the obtuse angle is perceived to be smaller.2The segment forming an acute angle is perceived to be shorter, and the segment forming an obtuse angle is perceived to be longer.3When two segments intersect, the segment is perceived to be longer if the point of intersection is close to the mid‐point and the angle is close to the right angle.4The vertex shifts along the line of bisection of the angle at the vertex, in the direction corresponding to the larger peception of the acute angle and smaller perception of the obtuse angle.Applying these rules to typical figures of geometrical illusion, results corresponding to human illusion were obtained, indicating the validity of the transformation rule

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY