摘要:

AbstractThe author has already proposed a method of analyzing the average instruction execution time for estimating the performance of CISC in a real‐time system (RTS) [1]. However, in [1]there was no mention of a method of analyzing the execution time when the CPU has a cache memory and an RISC architecture.This paper presents a simulation method for solving that problem, and clarifies the relative processing power of the two architectures. The new method converts actual RTS CISC trace data in an RTS to RISC access state data and uses the data for input in simulations of cache operation, etc., to clarify the processing performance ratio between CISC and RISC in an RTS.The results clarify that the 1‐level write‐through cache strategy (MIPS R3000) suffers from continuous writing, the two‐level write‐back cache strategy (MIPS R4000) depends strongly on the speed of the secondary cache, and that the overall RTS characteristics differ from the characteristics of application programs in a time‐sharing system (TSS), etc.These techniques go beyond simply allowing the comparison of RISC and CISC performance. They also make it possible to clarify the factors of the performance characteristics of systems that include caches on the basis of an overall software model for

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690270801

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn WSI, a single noise could disrupt the system. However, neither dual system nor triple system can be used as a countermeasure because WSI benefits from the use of a single wafer system. This paper presents a design procedure for noise‐tolerant systems in which multiple clock pulses and the features of the residue number system are effectively combined. The design sequence is as follows: (1) The system is designed based on the redundant residue number system. (2) The circuits corresponding to the digits of the residue number system are driven by the clock pulses, each of which has a different phase. (3) A circuit is applied which corrects the noise‐induced error through calculation of the remaining correct digits. The reliability of a nonrecursive digital filter is clearly improved by applying the given method. The reliability is, however, reduced by pipelining and the hardware upgrade needed for redundancy is limited to 31%. By applying the given method, coincident noise‐induced faults throughout the system are avoided and the redundant hardware is reduced. We have found the method suitable for noise‐tolerant systems design

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690270802

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractParallel garbage collection, which executes list processing and garbage collection (GC) in parallel, has a great potential for real‐time GC. Parallel GC, however, requires special processes that degrade collection performance. Consequently, a disruption of list processing frequently occurs since the GC process cannot keep up with consumption of cells. This paper proposes Partial Marking GC (PMGC), reports on its effect and analyzes its efficiency. The goal is to make parallel GC practicable. PMGC is a variant of generational GC incorporated in parallel mark and sweep GC algorithm. The PMGC improves its collection efficiency by limiting objects of marking, reducing time of marking and shortening average GC time. The author implemented PMGC obtained various experimental results, and confirmed that PMGC significantly improved its collection efficiency and performance of real‐time processing. The results of the experiments are in good agreement with the value obtained by analysis. PMGC is an effective way of using parallel GC for practical

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690270803

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractToday, technological expertise gained from studies on natural languages is applied to various practical systems, including machine translation systems. English‐Japanese machine translation, however, still remains difficult in the translation of lengthy sentences that contain multiple complicated expressions. Due to limited information volume installed in current machine translation systems, such systems cannot handle the complicated sentences actually used in English. This paper discusses comparative structures, which frequently appear in long English sentences, clarifies characteristics of such structures through grammatical studies and the statistical analysis of the sentences contained in Corpus, and explains the development of comparative structure models and a new analysis method using such models. Having more flexibility than the conventional machine translation method, the new method proposed in this paper has been proved suitable for long sentences for which the grammatical rules and vocabulary installed in conventional machine translation systems are insufficient. English newspaper articles were analyzed with a commercial machine translation system and the new method. The result showed that the new method provided translations that were 41.6 percent more accurate than the conventional system translation

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690270804

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe problem of computing a human arm posture that will take the hand to a desired hand position given by vision is called an inverse kinematics problem. To solve this problem, the human nervous system has a system for solving the inverse kinematics problem computing the proper joint angles from the desired hand position.Although the direct inverse modeling method is popular for the acquisition of an inverse kinematics model, a sufficient inverse model cannot be obtained for such systems with many‐to‐one input‐output correspondence as a human arm system.This paper, proposes a new model of a human inverse kinematics solver which uses the learned inverse model of the linearized model of the human arm. This inverse model transforms the hand position error to the update vector of the joint angles. The solver inverse kinematics problems by using the hand position error feedback. The performance of the solver is shown using numerical simula

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690270805

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method to register the position and posture of a rigid object which moves in three‐dimensional space, without points and/or vector matching between before and after the movement is described. In the method, a group of coordinates of representative points of the object in the initial state,Pi(xṗyṗzi) (i= 1 ton), and those after the movementPj(xj̇yj̇zj) (j= 1 ton), are used for the input data without knowing their point correspondences. Firstly, the object is translated from the initial position so that its centroid coincides with one of the goal positions. The difference in posture of the object is corrected by rotating round the centroid by the torque which attracts it to the goal posture. It is demonstrated that repulsive forces to each point of the object from all points at the goal posture, whose magnitude is the square of the distance between the points, satisfactorily produce such torque. The practical procedures for determining the position and posture using this principle are described, together with their characteristics and examples of applications to actu

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690270806

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of 3‐dimensional measurement of a planar surface by using two fixed light sources and a TV camera. A set of two images is recorded by the camera switching on each light alternately. The peak of the luminance distribution in each image is detected, and the orientation and distance of the planar surface are calculated. The position of the peak of a luminance distribution can be estimated accurately by using an image processing. The light sources can be conventional apparatus with no particular structure. The method is simple and suitable for a vision system on an indoor mobile robo

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690270807

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a new pattern recognition method for the automatic discrimination of various kinds of bills. The pattern of the object input from the sensor fluctuates due to thea posteriorifactors such as the orientation, position and rotation errors, as well as thea priorifactors such as wrinkles and smears. The proposed method is to cope mostly with the fluctuations due to thea posteriorifactors. It is noted first that the patterns obtained by the two sensing elements at the point‐symmetrical positions in regard to the center of the arrayed sensors are equivalent in terms of the orientation. Then, as the feature parameter for the discrimination, some Hadamard features are adopted which are suited to the processing by the microprocessors. Two feature parameters are derived from the bill pattern, which have a higher discrimination ability, and the “mutually paired domain judgment method” is proposed, where the matching discrimination is applied by exchanging those two features as feature points in the two‐dimensional space. The decision region to be used in the discrimination has the orientation‐invariant property due to the above equivalence, which helps to reduce greatly the memory capacity.Finally, the result of the evaluation experiment using the actual samples is presented. It is shown that the required misrecognition rate can be cleared if the number of elements with the point‐symmetry is increased. It is anticipated that the proposed method can also be used in the automatic recognition of other sheet‐sha

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690270808

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY