摘要:

AbstractOne of the problems in the construction of a large‐scale multiprocessor system is that a long time is required for the data exchange among such system elements as the processor unit and the memory unit, which degrades the efficiency of the whole system. If the data exchange in such a system is performed by electrical wiring, a limit is imposed on the transmission speed and the reliability. From such a viewpoint, we proposed an optical data exchange system suited to high‐speed large‐capacity communication. The broadcasting optical bus using the cylindrical mirror was developed, and its feasibility was demonstrated by the recently constructed experimental pilot model. This paper presents the design method for the broadcasting optical bus based on the cylindrical mirror and the optical transmitter receivers. Expressions are derived for the optical power distribution on the transmitter receivers and the efficiency of the optical bus. The actual design is shown by an ex

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the mechanical recognition of three‐dimensional shape, position and orientation of the object, it is important to obtain information concerning the distance to the object (depth). One of the powerful approaches for this purpose is the binocular vision (stereo method), in which two cameras are used to determine the distance based on the principle of trigonometric measurement. In this method, the three‐dimensional position of a point can easily be determined if the correspondences of feature points are established between the two images. However, the correspondence is not easy if the two images have a large number of feature points. We investigated the correspondence problem, and solved the difficulty by introducing another camera, realizing the trinocular vision and applying a simple geometrical processing. However, when the number of the feature points on the image is increased in this method, the correspondence is sometimes not unique, leading to more than one corresponding point. To solve this problem, the edge continuity and the local property of the image are combined with the geometrical constraints by trinocular vision, arriving at a satisfactory res

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper considers the multiresolution (in terms of standard deviation) Gaussian filter, which plays an important role in the visual information processing and the signal analysis. A high‐speed and highly accurate method is proposed for Gaussian filtering and calculation of its derivative, using the filter with a recursive structure utilizing the properties of Gaussian function. The earlier method, based on the iterative convolution of Gaussian function, is generalized. The problem is reformulated permitting the variation of the weight coefficient and the scale factor (expansion ratio of standard deviation), to achieve a sufficient accuracy. First, a formulation is made for the continuous system to realize a Gaussian filter and the sequence of its derivative filters for the specified scale factor. Then based on the result, a generation formula is derived for the filter sequence in the discrete system by iterative convolutions with the same weight coefficient. Furthermore, the factors for the error in discrete representation is analyzed, and the condition is derived for suppressing the erro

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere can be several approaches to the discussion of the human interface. It is important to consider whether or not the model (or world view) is easily understandable to humans or how to guide the design at crucial points. Apart from those problems, however, which deal with the performance of the human interface itself, it is also important to consider the range of interface applications, i.e., how many working environments the interface can handle in a unified way. This paper discusses the design approach in the human interface in BTRON, where the design and realization are considered separately so that the unified human interface is realized even if a different implementation is made independently.

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAccording to the recent research results on the user interface, the user forms a certain mental model in the operation of an unknown function. However, it is not known, when the function is not satisfactory in the first trial, by what process the mental model is constructed. From such a viewpoint, the authors investigated experimentally the formation of the mental model in the advanced dialing function called directory dialing.The following observations were made as a result.(1)The mental model is constructed only from the operation knowledge already acquired by the user.(2)When the mental model constructed in the first trial is not acknowledged, the mental model is reconstructed by the following order:(1)repeat of the same operation;(2)change operation speed; and(3)change the operation procedure.Using these observations, the formation of the mental model in the directory dialing is represented in a flowchart.

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo increase the productivity of communication software development for information networks, it is necessary to establish the techniques of automatic implementation and verification of protocols. This paper presents a user‐friendly interactive protocol implementation support system which produces software corresponding to a given protocol specification. In this system, when specification is given using a protocol specification language NESDEL, a corresponding program is generated interactively by obtaining necessary information from the user. The programs are written in IDL, a communication software oriented programming language. One of the most important problems in designing this system is how to represent and acquire information necessary to generate software from a protocol. We show that the concept of frame in knowledge engineering is effective in constructing a user‐friendly interface to represent such information and to obtain necessary information from the u

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhen a picture is to be generated in a multiprocessor system for image processing, the picture generation time can be reduced by dividing the picture into several subpictures, which are then assigned to the processors for parallel processing. In such a scheme, there exists a trade‐off relation between the parallelism of the subpicture processing and the overhead for assignment. When the number of subpictures is increased, the parallelism is enhanced, while the time of the subpicture assignment is increased. By contrast, when the number of subpictures is small, the time for the subpicture assignment is reduced, while the parallelism is decreased. This paper discusses this tradeoff relation. In other words, discussions are made of the effect of the number of processors composing the multiprocessor system for image processing and the number of subpictures to be processed by the system, on the time for picture generation and the system efficiency. First, a discrete approximate solution for the picture generation time is derived using the Markov process. Then an approximate solution by the queuing network theory is presented. Those methods are applied to actual examples to derive numerical solutions, indicating that there exists the optimum number of subpictures minimizing the picture generation time. A simulation was performed, and the result indicated that the two methods of analysis agree well, further indicating the validity of the approximations introduced in the course of the analysi

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA new algorithm for digital representation of a curve is developed using B‐spline functions. This algorithm is applicable to both corner detection and curve representation. When used in conjunction with the previously developed subpixel precision edge detection algorithm, it provides an effective tool for interesting point detection, stereo matching, and motion parameter extraction. Beside corners, portions of a curve with significant change in curvature are detected as significant points (SCP's); B‐spline fitting through these points provides an efficient representation of the curve. The algorithm renders accurate corner detection and curve representation while compressing the d

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been known that independency between processings for replicated modules is the most important factor in a replicated redundant fault‐tolerant system. To reduce the effects of simultaneous failures and/or simultaneous errors including errors caused by the input itself, a new design method of a highly reliable digital control system based on a knowledge‐engineering approach is proposed. The input signals are sampled at different sampling points and processed separately. If the errors in the processed results are detected using the knowledge of erroneous states and dynamic characteristics of the control system, then the internal states in the erroneous module are recovered immediately by using correct states in the other module. Since the input signal sampling and its processing are almost independent, an ultrahigh reliability can be achieved. The usefulness of the proposed method is confirmed by reliability analysis based on Markov graphs and experimental measurem

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to give a clear description of the control scheme for the voluntary muscular activities by the brain. To describe the mechanism of muscular control by the complex central nervous system including the brain, it will be useful to adopt a synthetic approach in which a hypothesis is set for the functional structure of the entire motor center based on the physiological and anatomical findings, and to verify the hypothesis by referring to the observation of the muscular activities. From such a viewpoint, this paper considers first the target tracking by the forearm horizontal flection and extension. The muscular activities of the head of the biceps brachii and the head of the triceps brachii, which play major roles in the flexor and extensor muscles, were examined. It is assumed that a wide range of central mechanisms, from the visual to motor systems, is involved with the tracking forearm movement. From the viewpoint of their functional roles, the central mechanism is divided as follows from the top level: the brain reflex mechanism; the cerebrum‐cerebellum mechanism; reciprocal neural control mechanism and stretch reflex mechanisms; and the activity adjustment mechanism for the motor units, which are the final basic units for motor output. For each of these levels, the physiological findings are arranged with the interpretations from control theory. The model for the central nervous system is thus constructed. Finally, using the constructed model for the central nervous system, the tracking forearm movement is reconstructed. The behavior of the model was verified by simulating the muscular activitie

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690191210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY