摘要:

AbstractAdvanced redundancy configurations are presented for static RAM modules. These extend the word duplication and selection by horizontal parity checking (WDSH) and error correction by horizontal and vertical parity checking (ECHV) configurations to enhance yields of wafer‐scale integrated circuits. They use automatic spare block replacements for bit‐lines and word‐lines, word selection by access error checking, pair unit replacement, and two‐level hierarchical redundancy.A simulation using a 1.5‐μm, 128 k‐bit CMOS static RAM module suggests that defect‐ and fault‐tolerance capability is improved nine or 17 times over the basic redundancy configurations. These values are four or six times that achieved by conventional triple‐modula

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690240201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLOGIQUE (LOGIc simulation with QUEry) is a parallel logic simulation algorithm for parallel machines with a shared memory. In order to make the best use of the parallelism, queries are issued aggressively. The large overhead in the traditional query‐based parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) algorithm is reduced by replacing the query message with a reference to the shared variables. LOGIQUE has been implemented on a multiprocessor and used to simulate logic circuits. The results, which demonstrate the efficiency of LOGIQUE, are presente

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690240202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHierarchical redundancy using defect‐tolerant replacement circuits is proposed as a means to increase the yield of large‐area LSIs (WSIs) with mesh‐connected array structures. The defect‐tolerant replacement circuits can be constructed by using direct‐connection paths and distributed switches in basick‐out‐of‐nredundancy schemes.When the proposed redundancy configurations are applied to two‐dimensional orthogonal‐array WSIs, they reduce the number of switches not covered by any spare replacements.An estimate of defect tolerance indicates that the proposed redundancy configurations can increase the integration scale of under 1‐μm CMOS design circuits to about 400 times that of gen

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690240203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhen processing composite documents for digital copy machines and facsimile which contain a mixture of text, halftone and continuous tone photographs, ideally, the text portion can be separated from the graphics portion and more efficiently represented than the multi‐bit pixel bitmap graphics representation. The technique for realizing this necessarily requires very precise image segmentation technology so that both the text and image portions can be correctly separated and efficiently managed. In this paper, a new image segmentation algorithm called SPACE is presented. The main idea behind the method for segmenting text/graphics composite documents is based on a peak‐pixel method for detecting the halftone graphics and edge detection performed on a continuous black and white representation of the image. The results presented here are based on 64‐level gray‐scale, 400 dpi scanned images; but the segmentation method should also be applicable to color images and, as the image quality improves, the method becomes more ef

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690240204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAmong the reconstruction methods for three‐dimensional information, methods are known for extracting the axes of skewed symmetry that place constraints on the orientation of the plane in space. Since skewed symmetry loses the symmetric nature for the most part, the many earlier methods for extracting axes of symmetry could not be directly applied to extracting axes of skewed symmetry. In addition, conventional methods for extracting the axes of skewed symmetry have the drawbacks of having long processing times and being difficult to apply to complex figures. In this paper, we propose a method that uses moments to perform a first‐order transform on a skew symmetric figure into a symmetric figure and then extracts the axes of symmetry. In this method, the problem is simplified by transforming a skew symmetric figure into a symmetric figure so that conventional methods for extracting the axes of symmetry can be applied. In addition, the evaluation of symmetry which uses the fact that the areas on both sides of an axis of symmetry are equal is adopted in the proposed extraction of the axes of symmetry. The features of this method are discussed by giving practical examples of extracting the axes of skewed symme

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690240205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecently, several kinds of mapping technology, e.g., texture mapping and bump mapping, have played a very important role in the achievement of more realistic image synthesis. The textures to be mapped often are obtained by using an optical scanner or a video camera. However, it is difficult to obtain a suitable image by taking a photograph. It is considered very important to be able to generate easily a variety of textures and patterns as required.This paper proposes a new method of generating stone wall patterns as a specific case of a generalized texture generator. The advantage of the method is that it allows the user to generate a variety of stone wall pictures by specifying a few simple parameters. The method is applied to a visual simulation system to represent such stone textures as walls, pavements, and steps. Some illustrated examples of its applications also are given.

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690240206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ability to retrieve by similarity is one powerful way to improve the human interface in an image database. In this paper, graphic patterns constructed as a set of primitive patterns formed from closed regions are the target images. When recognizing this kind of graphic pattern, people perform grouping. The partial patterns formed by this grouping play a major role in the similarity between graphic patterns. Consequently, the partial patterns that result from grouping must be introduced into the image representation as search keys. Furthermore, it would be desirable to have this representation automatically generated. In this paper, we propose a method where a representation in thepart‐ofhierarchy of partial patterns is used as the graphic pattern representation; this representation is generated from the raw image of the graphic pattern. This method uses the rules for visual characteristics for grouping in humans. First, partial patterns are formed by bottom‐up processing. Then, by comparing the stability of the final partial patterns, partial patterns that do not match human perception are deleted and missing partial patterns are searched for and added. A prototype system was built based on this method, and the method's adequacy was verif

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690240207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere have been many reports of concepts for outstanding interfaces combining language with nonverbal media such as facial expressions and gestures, but few attempts have been made to actually build and test such systems. The authors present a new configuration for a visual and audio media‐based human computer interface named “Human Reader” and report on the realization and experimental verification of a portion of the system. The visual component of the Human Reader configuration consists of a subsystem called Human Image Reader, which detects head movement through a Head Reader and hand movement through a Hand Reader, using multiple workstations. Three video cameras placed to the front, side, and overhead record the face and hand movements of the subject, whose head and hand movements are extracted and analyzed in real‐time. The voice is captured by a microphone from a voice recognition unit, which recognizes spoken commands. The image generation system CG Secretary presents an image with varied expressions on the workstation screen, with synchronized vocal output to create a more natural interface between human and computer. Head Reader enables workstation window switching, while Hand Reader enables the user to control electronic presentations. Both applications were tested with excellent

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690240208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY