摘要:

AbstractThis paper proposes a new optimization algorithm for the demand‐driven computation suited to the parallel processing of the functional program. The optimization is performed for three points: the preevaluation of requisite parameters; the efficiency of demand propagation; and the analysis of the partialvalue dependent attribute set. To reduce the computation required in the optimization, a hierarchical approach is employed, which is composed of the interfunctional analysis to process the whole program in parallel, and the intrafunctional analysis for each function definition as a separate phase. Using the proposed method, the successive function in the discrete domain can be calculated efficiently based on the fixed‐point computation rule, by providing a certain extension of the data‐flow machine executing in parallel the data‐driven comp

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190801

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a system FACORES, which recognizes, interprets and makes a fair copy of handwritten logical diagrams. In particular, the arrangement process and the compression of position information are discussed. The logical diagram is composed of graphical symbols, connecting lines and character strings, and describes the connecting relations among those elements. Consequently, the positions of those elements in the diagram are not very important. In the case of a handwritten diagram, it is difficult to write the elements arranged in positions. The authors propose a simple arrangement of the elements in the input diagram as a fair‐copy reproduction of the handwritten diagram. In the arrangement process, the intersection, corner and end points of lines are regarded as symbols, in the same way as the graphical symbols. The class ID and the priority in the arrangement are determined based on the connecting relations. Based on such information, the arrangement is made by successively placing the symbols. It was verified by experiment that the result of fair copy reproduction is satisfactory and the data concerning the position can be compressed approximately to hal

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190802

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough fractal dimension is popular in computer graphics, it is not yet utilized adequately in image analysis. Thus, this paper presents an example of the application of fractal dimension to image analysis. First, the conventional fractal concept is described and then the possibilities of its application to image processing are discussed. Then a new fractal feature is proposed which can be applied to general images. This is a localized, two‐dimensionalized concept of fractal dimension and is considered to have greater image‐analyzing capability than the conventional simple fractals. Next, these features are measured for texture images and their characters and image‐analyzing capabilities are investigated. The main results are as follows: (1) although the fractal dimension is known as a measure of complexity, its characters differ from the entropy or the variance; (2) the fractal dimension assumes unique value for each texture. Especially, if the newly proposed fractal feature is used, it is possible to recognize texture image to some e

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190803

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper aims at a constructive description of which neural network model can represent the human problem‐solving process and how the process is related to the various human memories by what context. From such a viewpoint, a neural network model is constructed for the representation of the problem‐solving process. In this paper, a model for the addition process is constructed as the first step, using the associative memory model HASP (human associative processor) proposed by one of the present authors. The model is composed of the following components: the procedure memory, which stores and retrieves the procedures of the addition; semantics memory, which stores the knowledge about the addition such as 2 + 2 = 4; the working memory, which temporarily stores the external and internal information; and the goal memory, which stores the problem‐solving process as a chain of subgoals, and manages the flow of procedures from one higher level in the control hierarchy. In this study, a computer simulation was performed for the addition processes for several numbers with multiple digits, and it is shown that the addition process can be represented. Then the computer simulation is made for the generation of four kinds of bugs in the addition. It is shown that the bug generation can be represented by the

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190804

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper considers distributed algorithms for solving the problem πpto test whether for any processor in a network, any one of the adjacent processors is faulty. First, we show that it is not solvable when processors are asynchronous or when there is no upper limit in the transmission delay along the link. Next, we define a network (PL‐synchronized network) which assumes a certain kind of synchronicity in processors and their communication. Whether or not πpis solvable in a PL‐synchronized network depends on knowledge of the network topology (for example, identifiers of adjacent processors, the number of processors in a network, and edge connectivitiy of a network) initially available at each processor. This paper examines how the knowledge available at each processor affects the conditions that πpis solvable (situation of faults of processors and links in the overall ne

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190805

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPreviously, the authors proposed a method of extracting the region of a vehicle number‐plate using the Hough transformation with a restricted parameter plane. The method offers a significant reduction of the amounts of memories and their processing time which are required for storing the parameter plane in a conventional Hough transformation.This paper describes a further improvement of the method in its processing speed. In the processing, first, a pyramid hierarchy is applied to the original image; second, some preliminarily selected straight lines are extracted from the image with a pyramid hierarchy; finally, the region of the original image corresponding to each straight line is obtained. This method restricts the computation of the plane‐region‐distracted Hough transformation into the region of the straight lines already obtained so that calculation points and the processing time are reduced. As an example of application of the method, extraction of license plates is desc

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190806

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn exact method determining the optical flow is presented by means of pixel‐based mutual‐correlation analysis of dynamic images. The mutual‐correlation function is calculated between the temporal brightness change of the target pixel and that of its neighboring 16 (or 8) pixels. The local velocity of the target pixel is determined exactly through logical considerations using a reliable lag time estimated by the quadratic interpolation technique. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by computer simulation of various dynamic i

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190807

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFunctional electrical stimulation (FES) is applied to restore the holding function of the upper extremity of quadriplegics whose condition is due to spinal chord injury. In that case, the feedback concerning the state of a patient's finger is needed. As a realistic sensory feedback method, the information transmission by surface electrical stimulation to the shoulder of a patient with remaining sensation is considered. Experiments were performed for a normal subject and for quadriplegics, and the psychophysical characteristics were examined. The following observations were made: By using the stimulus with a time‐varying intensity pattern, a phantom sensation (PS) moving on the surface between two electrodes is produced; by extending the idea to the case of three channels, PS is produced which moves around over a wide range on the shoulder. Then a discrimination experiment was performed for the range of PS movement, and it is shown that PS can be used as a practical method of sensory feedbac

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190808

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe biological system has low‐frequency rhythms, such as a circadian rhythm. In general, it is considered that the source of the circadian rhythm is mostly the neural system, such as optic lobe and suprachiasmatic nucleus. This paper proposes a neural network model which can generate the low‐frequency biological rhythm, and discusses its characteristics. The model is composed of the set of neural oscillators composed of excitatory‐inhibitory neuron pairs, together with a neuron taking the sum of the oscillator activities. By feeding back the activity of the summing neuron to the oscillators by a suitable magnitude, the proper frequency of the whole model is decreased, realizing the low‐frequency rhythm. The generation condition for the low‐frequency rhythm is derived through the approximate analysis of the model and the computer simulation. The properties of the generated rhythm are

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690190809

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY