摘要:

AbstractA general‐purpose reader for circuit drawings (TOSGRAPH) has been developed. TOSGRAPH has the following features: (1) preprocessing is unified in a line segment tracking method and high speed and generality are realized by firmware control; (2) a drawing is described by a set of segments separated by feature points; (3) segments are grouped into candidate symbols by an estimation model; (4) symbols are recognized by matching with a model; (5) using hierarchical data (i.e., segment description ‐ thin line drawing ‐ original image), the feature measuring routines together with a blackboard system enhance the generality and processing speed; and (6) a flexible model is used to describe local geometric structure, connective relations and relative positional relations. A facsimile scanner is used for input and the image stored in the frame memory is processed. Experimental evaluation of symbol recognition results in a reject rate of 30/3972 (0.8%) and error rate of 22/3972 (0.6%). The processing time for the most common diagram of size A3 was approximately two minutes, confirming the pracical utility of the r

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690170401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere are still many problems left before the data‐flow computer can be realized, for example, execution control based on the data‐flow principle, system architecture and load distribution. This paper proposes a method for improving the speed of execution control, which distributes the matching process by using more than one execution control unit. The proposed units are connected in cascade with more than one operational unit. The structure is called PP. By operating the PP structure in a pipelined scheme, the execution control and operational processing with higher‐speed can be realized. It is also shown that a more efficient load distribution can be achieved by the parallel pipeline structure, composed of the omeganetwork connecting more than one PP. Then the digital signal processing is considered as an example of the processing in the data flow computer. By applying the stream notion to the time‐series data, the concurrent parallel pipeline property is utilized, realizing a high‐speed p

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690170402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNumerous studies have been made on a simplified test method and easily testable circuit design to reduce the test cost of logical circuits. In the syndrome test, which is one of the simplified test methods, all input vectors are applied once each and the number of cases is counted where the output is 1. Consequently, in the application of the method to a large‐scale circuit, it is important to perform the test by partitioning the network into subnetworks of appropriate sizes and to compute the number of syndromes (number of output 1′s) efficiently. This paper discusses the syndrome test for the large‐scale PLA (programmable logic array). The scale of hardware to be added for the syndrome test can be reduced compared with the conventional method. Its construction method is presented. Then an efficient computation method is shown for the syndrome i

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690170403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes a structure of the linear discrete‐time stochastic system which contains colored observation noise and changes its system parameters randomly due to, say, abrupt load changes. In the system under consideration, the switching system parameters are not identified during adaptive control; rathera prioriidentified parameters are used in determining the adaptive control input. First, an algorithm for optimal control from an arbitrary initial state to an arbitrary state space (target state) is derived by extending the dynamic programming technique. Also, an algorithm is derived for realizing the state estimate of a system with colored observation noise with a discrete‐time Kalman filter. Next, thea posterioriprobability of each system parameter is found from the probabilities of system parameters at a certain time by using the Bayes' formula, and it is shown that the adaptive control input can be determined by summing the products ofa posterioriprobability and the optimal control input calculated from dynamic programming for each parameter. Also, the effectiveness of the proposed stochastic adaptive control algorithm is confirmed by computer simulation of a two‐dimensional model system and by comparing four different methods of probability calculation when the system parameters are switched ran

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690170404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper discusses the structural software testing method by path analysis. The problem of the method is discussed, and a coverage measure is proposed. The problem in the structural testing is discussed first. If the evaluation is made based on the past coverage measures, the quality of the software tends to be overestimated. A problem occurs of testing the cost when the number of steps for determining the test data increases with the size of the software. Also, another problem occurs wherein if a new coverage measure is introduced so that the quality is not overestimated, additional test cost is produced. From such a viewpoint, this paper proposes a method which can essentially avoid these problems by using the minimum number of test paths. An algorithm for determining the test paths is presented which is independent of the earlier method. Then it is shown that the number of test paths determined by that algorithm is the minimum. The total distance of the test paths is also discussed. Finally, the computational complexity in determining the test paths is discussed.

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690170405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the factors in the deterioration of the reconstructed image of the single‐photon emission CT (SPECT) is the respective characteristics of the collimator used in the detection of the γ‐ray. The characteristics depend on the shape and material of the collimator, and produce shiftvariant blurs on the reconstructed image. This kind of error cannot be eliminated by the deconvolution, which regards the blur as shift‐invariant. This paper discusses the effect in the spatial frequency domain, and it is shown that the effect of the blur by collimator can be approximated analytically by a shift‐invariant blur on the annular ring determined for each frequency. A method of improving the quality of the reconstructed image is proposed utilizing this property. By the numerical simulation using a computer, it is verified that the proposed method is effective independently of the attenuation and quantizati

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690170406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the photomask pattern data processing system (MAPPS‐III) for MOS IC, using a general‐purpose microcomputer, MAPPS‐III is composed of figureinput and edit program, check program using design rules, logic extraction and simulation program, and conversion program into drawing format. Photomask patterns for layers are stored in the main memory as bit‐maps, and the major data processings are performed by bit operation, logic operation and counting. As a result, a systematic real‐time data processing of the photomask pattern is realized by a microcomputer. MAPPS‐III was developed for MOS IC with four photomasks, but it can be expanded to the process using a larger number of masks and to bipolar

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690170407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents a method of automatic synthesis for ALU circuit based on functional specification. The ALU to be synthesized is specified by a table of functions as well as control codes indicating the selection of each function, and the bitwidth of the data. If the functional specification is expanded directly into the two‐level form, the number of conjunctive terms will become prohibitively large. As a result, the method aims at a multilevel realizaization of ALU, and a model (template) representing the essence of the logic structure of ALU is constructed. The logic expressions for parts of the template are derived from the given functional specification by modification and manipulation of logic expressions. After simplifying partial logic expressions, the lejics are combined. By the proposed method, 32‐bit ALU with 32 logic functions is realized in approximately 40 s using a computer of 2 MIPS. The synthesized logic has a quality comparable to the one by manual design. There can be various ways of defining the template, and by using different templates, various kinds of ALU's can be constructed for the same functional specificat

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690170408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe intelligent links that orient realization of the computer system integrating data communication and processing have been proposed. However, the practical system configuration and control have not yet been discussed. Based on the general‐purpose pipeline concept to implement the intelligent link, this paper presents the hierarchical pipeline system configuration that is designed to obtain high efficiency of the total system by overlapped data communication and processing. The decision method of the processing time in the segment at a higher level which is a processing unit in the pipeline, is shown.The decision is made independently at each segment. Therefore, this hierarchical pipeline system enables parallel processing by distributed control. The routing algorithm in the general multitrack bus is proposed as a communication medium executing high‐speed data transmission among the lower‐level pipeline processing elements in the se

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690170409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe boundaries of fish school echo image, which is usually displayed in black and white shades, are not well defined and the necessity for clear edge display has long been felt. Edge detection is also important in the continuous recognition of the sea bed or in the measurement of the school size. Unfortunately, a typical echo sounder image fluctuates severely, prohibiting edge detection with the original image. We propose an edge detection method in which the image is smoothed first by the two‐dimensional exponential smoothing method, and the difference of expected values of data obtained during this processing is compared with a given threshold value to determine the edge. Three ways of taking the difference are conceivable, namely, difference in the radial direction, in the lateral direction, and in the oblique direction; each may be considered as the difference of two‐dimensional data or a weighted slope average. The proposed method effectively performs the conventional smoothing by masking and the edge detection by Laplacian processing simultaneously. Thus, real‐time edge detection of school or sea bed images has become possible in a simple way. This paper describes the theory of edge detection by the above three methods and compares their effectiv

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690170410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY