摘要:

AbstractRecently, remarkable developments and performance improvements have been made in factory automation (FA). The programmable controller (PC) is becoming more important than ever as a general‐purpose key component in FA, and rapid improvement has been made in its performance. In addition, it is highly desired to improve the information processing performance. In addition to the bit operation which has been the core of the sequence control, a performance is required which can execute a large‐scale numerical data manipulation at a high speed. This paper aims at realization of a sufficiently high‐speed information processing power. Also, it proposes a new PC dedicated CPU architecture, which is the result of optimization considering the special nature of the PC execution scheme and the command set of the PC dedicated instructions, and demonstrates its effectiveness. The proposed architecture has the following features. The processing function of PC is divided into the system management function and the instruction execution function, each of which is realized by the optimal processor and executed in parallel. The parallelism as well as the execution pattern of the execution program are extracted from the PC dedicated instructions. The parallelism and the high speed are realized as far as possible. Applying the proposed architecture to PC, the speed improvement by 60 times at the maximum is realized, compared with the fastest previous PC of the company, while maintaining the compatibility to the traditional instructio

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690211101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper discusses the test‐generation circuit which automatically generates a test pattern for a combinational circuit. The test‐generation circuit is designed so that two algorithms of automatic test generation and fault simulation can be executed by the circuit. The test pattern for the circuit under test is generated at a high speed by simulating the operation of the test‐generation circuit using the dedicated logic simulation machine SP. As a result of performance evaluation for the well known benchmark circuits, the test‐generation circuit was constructed with eleven times the number of SP elements on the average compared with the circuit under test. By a simulation using only one SP processor, the operation of the test‐generation circuit could be simulated at 6 kHz on the average. Thus, it is seen that the test pattern for the circuit under test can be generated with a high fault coverage with a speed surpassing the software on a large‐scale computer. The method proposed herein is to apply effectively the architecture of the dedicated machine for a high‐speed logic simulation to the search problem such as test generation. Thus, the validity of the idea

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690211102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the outline and implementation of the declarative debugging system DDS. The purpose of DDS is to provide the following debugging system for the functional program without a side effect: (1) The programmer specifies the result of execution and the intermediate result expected to the program (defines in a declarative way, and the system detects the bug automatically based on that specification; (2) an efficient guide is provided to the programmer so that the required input is less and the input can easily be given; and (3) the system has an efficient bug detection mechanism in terms of the memory capacity and the computational complexity. It is an interactive system which can be applied to a wide range of programs. This paper proposes a mechanism called filter, which gives an efficient realization of DDS. The filter is a mechanism which realizes the tabulation technique by a small‐capacity memory, by extending the technique from the viewpoint of the bug detection. The filter is a mechanism which selectively retains the instances needed in the bug detection and controls the function call of the program using the retained data. An experimental system of DDS is constructed on VAX/VMS using Common Lisp. Debugging examples are shown, indicating the usefulness of DD

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690211103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experimental multimedia database system TRADEMARK is being developed. This system includes image processing facilities as the primitive data operations. It provides (a) automatic image data registration and automatic indexing by abstracted image representation, (b) similarity retrieval from actual visual examples, and (c) multimedia document formatting of retrieved data. Similarity retrieval in this system also permits handwritten and rough sketches as visual examples. Its ability in similarity operations is also evaluated experimentally. The design principle proposed here is based on a hyperobject‐oriented model which has the following features: (i) knowledge base‐like representation of object world, (ii) extensive architecture by deduction of logic database, and (iii) AI‐oriented human inte

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690211104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the production line for the automobile, the recognition of the frame number, stamped on the automobile chassis for production instruction or management, is indispensable. One problem of the alphanumerals stamped on the chassis is that the width and the depth of the stamped groove vary for each stamped character and position due to the variation of the stamping pressure of the stamping machine. Another problem is that a slow undulation is produced at an unspecified position of the stamped surface due to the strain near the stamped groove. When the stamped characters are imaged and binarized, adjacent characters connect and frequently one character separates into several pieces. Such connections and separations make it difficult to segment accurately the individual character regions. This paper considers the accurate segmentation of such stamped characters. The proposed method examines the extent of variation of gray level in each pixel‐line without binarizing the gray‐level image and classifies the characters by the differences of the variation. The result of experiment by the proposed method is as follows. For 11,000 stamped characters composed of 36 alphanumerals and two symbols, the rate of character extraction is 99.9 percent. For 1500 characters composed of 15 alpha‐numerals after character segmentation, the recognition rate is 99.5 percent without rejection. These recognition rates are higher than those in the conventional method, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed m

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690211105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper aims at the speaker‐independent very‐low bit rate speed coding and proposes the speaker adaptation algorithm based on the piecewise movement in the speech spectrum space. In the proposed method, the universal codebook, which is constructed beforehand based on the features of the spectral distribution of an unknown speaker, is adapted to the speaker. The adaptation is based on the process which moves the center of gravity of the universal codebook for several clusters. Two algorithms are proposed for the adaptation. One is a simplified method and the other is a minimum distortion method. The minimum distortion method ensures theoretically that the quantization distortion does not increase for the speech data for adaptive training. A coding experiment was made for the spectral segments of the actual speech. It was shown that the proposed adaptation method has a higher adaptation speed compared with the traditional LBG method. It was shown also that the minimum distortion method converges to the same distortion as the LBG met

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690211106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne of the goals of studies on human interface is to make operating procedures of various systems easier to acquire. From past studies it is known that construction of appropriate mental models in the user's mind is effective in acquiring operating procedures. Furthermore, as a technique to construct easily and quickly appropriate mental models, metaphor and direct manipulation are being studied. However, it has not been clarified how effective these techniques are in acquiring operating procedures. For electronic mailing systems that enable key operations and drawing figures by touching the screen by a magnetic pen, experiments were conducted to clarify the effect on acquiring the operating procedures, regarding the procedure for sending electronic mails as “the one for sending letters by mail.” Subjects are grouped into threes and are taught the procedures for sending mails in different ways for the groups. They operate experimental systems on the first day, the third day, and three months later. Then the time required for each operation is measured and the percentage of those who performed misoperations is calculated. As the result, it is found that if users are taught that the procedure for sending mails is regarded as the one for sending letters, they acquire it easily and remember it well. Thus, it is shown that utilization of metaphor is effective. Also, from the results of the operating time, it is found that the percentage of acquisition of operating procedures can be estimated roug

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690211107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper proposes a new model for the human visual motion perception mechanism. The model can detect in a pertinent way the direction of motion of the object, even if the object moves in a background with a complex luminance distribution. When the object has such a background, the information concerning the object motion inevitably contains the disturbances due to the luminance distribution of the background. In the model for the motion perception mechanism up to now, however, this point has not been considered at all. This paper takes the view that the perception of the motion with such a background is essential in understanding the motion perception mechanism. Psychophysical experiments are presented to provide an insight into the motion perception mechanism for movement with a background. The result of the experiment suggests that there exist two processing stages in the motion perception. The first stage is to fix the position of the moving object at a particular position in the visual field, and the second stage is to detect the movement of that position. Using a spatio‐temporal filter simulating the receptive field, a model composed of two such stages is constructed. A computer simulation is conducted to examine the validity of the method, and a result agreeing well with the human psychophysical characteristic is obtaine

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690211108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe single‐scanning method has been proposed as a data acquisition method for reconstructing the three‐dimensional CT image, where a confronting pair of the cone beam X‐ray source and the planar detector are rotated on a circle surrounding the object. This paper discusses the problem of reconstructing the three‐dimensional image from the cone beam projection obtained by such a method. The traditional method of image reconstruction for this method is an approximation based on the two‐dimensional CT image reconstruction, and has a problem in that the quality of the reconstructed image is deteriorated when the circle on which the X‐ray source is moved has a small radius. First, a method is presented by which the problem of image reconstruction by the cone beam projection is reduced to the reconstruction problem by the three‐dimensional Radon transform. It is shown that the information required for the image reconstruction by the inverse three‐dimensional Radon transform cannot be obtained completely by the single‐scanning method. Then the image reconstruction by the two‐dimensional incomplete Radon transform is extended to the three‐dimensional case, and then applied to the image reconstruction by the cone beam projection. By this method, a mathematical strict image reconstruction can be achieved even by the single‐scanning method. The forementioned problem in the tradition

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690211109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResearch on map processing using computers has been active recently. Data of road networks in a map often are required for processing an urban map. If these data are fed manually into a computer, not only is labor considerable but many errors would occur. A solution to this problem is to extract road networks automatically from the map using a computer. This paper proposes a skip‐scan method which automatically extracts parallel lines from 1/25,000–scaled maps. A given map is scanned at constant intervals so that each cross point of the scanning line and the central line of a road are extracted as feature points. Many short vectors are formed by connecting the feature points. Referring to the original map, connection of the vectors, elimination of noise, and interpolation of parts of roads interrupted by characters on the map are carried out automatically. An algorithm used for this operation is simple, since almost all the elements are vectors. This paper describes the algorithm, and examples of result applications to actual 1/25,000–scaled maps. These confirm the usefulness of the m

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690211110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY