摘要:

AbstractForm‐variables logic functions, an orthonormal system of ordernis defined as ann‐tuple ofm‐vari‐ables logic functions where one and only one of them‐variables logic function equals 1. Any given logic function can be expressed as a sum of products between thesen‐tuple of functions and appropriate coefficients for these functions. This form is known as an orthonormal expansion. This paper deals with the fact that the orthonormal system of orderndivides the input space intondisjoint subspaces. We show that this property, along with appropriate restrictions on the expansions, enables us to design four level circuits where all of the single stuck‐at faults are testable. Since the circuits based on the expansions include partial circuits for the orthonormal systems, these can be activated one by one. This is the key property that guarantees the testability of s‐a‐0 faults. On the other hand, when a test for a s‐a‐1 fault should make an element of the orthonormal system equal to 0, this input can make one and only one of the other elements equal to 1. This is key to guaranteeing the testability of s‐a‐1 faults. Expansions are carried out with appropriate restrictions considering these properties. Where there exists a coefficient that is covered by all of the other coefficients, a corresponding element is eliminated. This elimination, which can be regarded as a generalized absorption law for Boolean functions, guarantees the existence of the solution for any given set of logic functions. The number of tests for the circuit is proportional to the number of prime implicants in the expansions. These tests are generated as a byprod

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261101

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper discusses cooperative distributed planning problems using multiple agents that share a very large database. It is an important framework for planning by multiple agents with incomplete information, and for evaluating behavior strategies and negotiation manners. The specific issue involves distributed constraint‐satisfying problems on databases. The problem is described as concurrent execution and repetitive execution of transactions, where each agent is deemed as a transaction that operates on a very large database. Therefore, we propose a highly efficient parallel database processing algorithm for these two basic operation

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe authors previously proposed the reflection integration method which generates a realistic image of objects, and the precise rendering method which accurately eliminates aliasing of images. The two methods have a common process which precisely integrates reflected lights over a unit sphere. Since this process involves a large amount of computation, accelerating the process is desired.The present paper proposes a procedure which significantly reduces the computation without sacrificing its accuracy by using an adaptive sampling table. For a part on an object where a light is sharply reflected, the reflected light sharply reduces depending on directions. The proposed procedure uses the table which nonlinearly subdivides reflection direction; precisely where a reflected light changes sharply and roughly at rest. As a result, a full‐color image can be generated with a sufficient accuracy with 90 × 90 divisions in the table. This adaptive table reduces the computation time for the integration of reflection lights on a semisphere to one‐tenth the previous method, which is equivalent to the reduction of a total image generation time by 40 to 60 per

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper studies the performance of three kinds of rotatory second‐order difference filters by theoretical evaluation. The filters calculate, respectively, the minimum, the maximum, and the mean values of their outputs in several directions and have been used for enhancement of shadows in medical images. In this paper, the distribution functions of outputs of three filters are calculated on a model image, and the performance is evaluated. Moreover, applications to real medical images are presented to confirm the obtained result

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method of tracking the context in man‐machine communication is proposed. The “tracking the context” is defined as locating the place of context switching and dividing the user's command sequence into chunks, each of which corresponds to one work. For tracking the context, “a syntactic‐context” is introduced. A syntactic‐context is a working set of words in the command lines a user enters. To locate the place of the syntactic‐context switching, word‐kind ratio and window contribution are defined. It is shown that the hit rate of command prediction is improved by using these indicators, which shows the effectiveness of th

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of producing an aspect graph from multiple range data. Generally, when an object is of complex shape, the search of its shape and posture become more difficult, since the number of aspects necessarily increases. To solve this problem, a hierarchical aspect graph (an expanded idea of the aspect graph) is introduced. After a projection range image has been divided into regions based on its differential geometrical features, the viewpoint space is also divided referring to the difference of topologies on the zero‐crossing surface of a scale space. Hierarchical events by which a viewpoint space is divided are obtained by analyzing changes of the topology of the differential geometrical features caused by a viewpoint and resolution at feature points. A reliable aspect graph is produced by interpolating unobserved events due to the limited data of viewpoints and resolutions. The viewpoint space is divided coarsely in its upper structure, and densely in its lower structure. This makes an efficient search of the shape, position and posture of an object based on the coarse‐to‐fine tactic. Three‐dimensional aspect graphs based on real range‐finder input data were processed. The results show the usefulness of the proposed method for identifying the shapes, positions and postures of objects and analyzing movi

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the multimodal dialogue system MultiksDial, which focuses on the speech input/output. In this system, the speech recognition unit and the touch panel are used as the means of input, and the Text‐To‐Speech (TTS) synthesizer and the display are used as the means of output. In other words, the features of the system are that both the input and the output are multimodal. As the auxiliary means of input, a photoelectric sensor is used to realize a smooth dialogue by monitoring the behavior of the user and by guiding the operation. An information guide system is implemented on MultiksDial, and the operability of the user interface is evaluated.The following characteristics of the speech input are demonstrated as the result of the comparison experiment of the input mode. The direct indication by the speech input can execute the operation faster than the touch input, where the stepwise indication is required. Another point is that the beginner can execute? smooth dialogue by guiding the operation by the synthesized speech. By those results, it is verified that the multimodal implementation of the dialogue channel is useful in realizing an efficient dialogue between the user and the sys

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper discusses the quantitative method for recovering the pose and shape of the straight homogeneous generalized cylinder (SHGC), based on the quantitative constraint assuming the weak uniform random reflection (weak Lambertian assumption). The weak Lambertian assumption is a generalization of the strictly complete random reflection model (strict Lambertian model). No knowledge of the light source or the surface reflection coefficient is required in the proposed method. As a first step, the position of the axis of SHGC is determined on the image. Then, the weak Lambertian assumption is applied to the intensity distribution along the parallel (latitude) which corresponds to the extrema of the sweeping function on SHGC to recover its pose. Then, the weak Lambertian assumption is also applied to the intensity distributions along other parallels to recover the position of the axis of SHGC in the three‐dimensional space. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, an experiment is shown for the synthesized image and the real imag

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn efficient method to retrieve necessary information from drawings for plant diagrams, logic circuit diagrams, etc. stored in a database is presented. In the image information retrieval systems currently in use, a keyword is assigned to each diagram and information is retrieved by the user by giving the keyword. When the features of the desired image are not registered as a keyword, however, its retrieval becomes difficult. In this paper a method is proposed in which the user shows features of the desired diagram using a sample diagram and a section similar to the sample diagram is retrieved. In this research, diagrams consisting mainly of symbols and connecting lines are considered. This kind of diagram is represented by a graph and similarities in topological features between the sample graph and graph representations of the diagrams in the database are evaluated. The retrieval is then performed based on the value obtained. The results of an experiment conducted using plant diagrams show that similar diagrams can be retrieved using this method.

ISSN:0882-1666    

DOI:10.1002/scj.4690261109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY