摘要:

AbstractEnvironmental awareness in the general community is at a high level. There is a feeling that time is running out in the quest for global solutions to global problems. It is inevitable that the role in this of commerce and industry should be discussed, and that companies are coming under pressure to demonstrate that their policies are environmentally sustainable. Thirteen reasons are substantiated as to why companies are becoming involved, and non joiners or half‐hearted joiners need to weigh up the risks they are taking. They may become outliers and corporate pariahs, and find that abuse of the environment is equated with abuse of the public and customer, and that both market share and share valuation will suffer accordingly. With a new British Standard on Environmental Management Systems, with a cross‐link to the European eco‐audit scheme, and the growth of green advertising, the environment is at long last receiving the attention it des

ISSN:0968-0802    

DOI:10.1002/sd.3460020201

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite the increasing interest in environmental policy and its implementation, little attention has been paid to the role played by the voluntary sector. However, in the UK this sector is actively involved by the Government as an agency of implementation. In this respect, The Scottish Office has established two mechanisms whereby it channels support to a number of voluntary organisations and this article examines the success achieved by these programmes in delivering The Scottish Office's objectives for the voluntary environmental sector. The conclusion is reached that these mechanisms are generally successful, but that there are a number of failures regarding the achievement of the immediate policy objectives. Additionally, while the programmes deliver good work that is in line with the Government's policy objectives, the contribution they make to sustainable development (the primary objective of the strategy laid down in its White Paper,This Common Inheritance) could be improved. They do, however, represent an example of relatively successful policy implementation.

ISSN:0968-0802    

DOI:10.1002/sd.3460020202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe second greenhouse gas audit for Western Australia follows significant policy and scientific advances in the climate change arena. The United Nations Framework on Climate Change has been ratified by Australia and has been in force since March 1994. There are also policy implications leading from the discovery of the complex effects of secondary or ‘indirect’ global warming potentials of greenhouse gases, and the effects of the depletion of the ozone layer on the global warming. The present audit is based on the methodology of the Draft Australian Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory in order to be commensurate with national and international inventory work. There remain significant gaps in the audit information base. Some of these could be filled by further research while others would be filled by better cooperation from relevant government departments. The audit found that, despite some worthwhile efforts in energy conservation and recycling, most sectors have greatly increased their greenhouse gas emissions, in particular construction and electricity generation. Two exceptions were the transport sector which showed a very small increase in emissions, and the agriculture sector which showed a decline. An energy policy based on increased use of gas and renewables rather than coal would make a great contribution to greenhouse gas reductions and there are many opportunities for simple and cheap greenhouse gas reduct

ISSN:0968-0802    

DOI:10.1002/sd.3460020203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo reduce pollution, industrial enterprises can cut production or choose cleaner technologies. A rise in demand increases marginal revenue and, for given plant sizes and costs, profits. Abatement cost can therefore coincide with marginal profits. If economic growth implies a rising demand, then growth can increase incentive to pollute because, other things equal, it makes abatement relatively more costly. The choice of cleaner technologies may be the alternative.Without official pollution control measures, profit‐maximizing enterprises will choose polluting technologies. The control measures themselves imply different choice of technologies. Effluent charges and polluter subsidies induce similar responses by an enterprise, but in a competitive industry, the former will yield lower output and pollution levels than would occur under subsidies. Moreover, in certain cases the command‐and‐control measures can be more effective than incentive‐based measures in controlling industrial pollution and promoting growth. A differential in information, monitoring and enforcement costs of different pollution‐control measures does not alter th

ISSN:0968-0802    

DOI:10.1002/sd.3460020204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0968-0802    

DOI:10.1002/sd.3460020205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0968-0802    

DOI:10.1002/sd.3460020206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0968-0802    

DOI:10.1002/sd.3460020207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY