摘要:

A view of the broad subject area of multistatic radar is given in an attempt to clarify the several different terms used for various possible configurations and to classify them. The potential of multistatic systems compared to monostatic ones is listed, and the dependence on different configurations, types of co-operation, implemented techniques, modes of operation and different applications are shown. The complexity in all areas of bistatic radar caused by the initially simple bistatic geometry is explained in detail, including Doppler characteristics, cell area, resolution and cross-section. It is shown that pulse chasing by a correct motion of the varying receive window with multiple-beam generation and switching or scanning is necessary, if bistatic radar is to compete with monostatic radar. Compromise configurations with reduced complexity and limited potential for special applications are classified and the basic additional performances of multi-bistatic configurations are listed.

DOI:10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0095

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The article begins with a review of the history of bistatic and multistatic radars, including the simultaneous introduction of radar technology in several countries during the 1930s and the various areas of technology development pursued by those countries. Technical descriptions are presented of nine different experimental systems. The article continues with a discussion of the potential military and nonmilitary advantages of bistatic radars compared with monostatic radars in special applications, including increased coverage, increased radar cross-section, avoidance of attack by antiradiation homing missiles, reduction in probability of intercept by electronic intelligence and direction-finding equipment, and elimination of interference caused by retrodirective jamming. The article concludes with an outline of several suggestions for future applications of bistatic and multistatic systems.

DOI:10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0096

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

Unless the separation between transmitter and receiver is small compared with ranges of interest, bistatic radars have a number of properties which differ significantly from the monostatic equivalents. Some of these produce operational advantages which provide a motivation for deployment, while others merely bring trouble and expense. The paper considers the basic bistatic properties which depend on the target range and direction relative to the baseline. Appropriate formulas are given and comparisons with monostatic radar are made, pictorially wherever possible. The topics covered are (i) the lower-level cover obtained on a curved earth, (ii) contours of constant ‘range’ and echo power, (iii) the effects of beamwidths on resolution cells and the permissible pulse repetition frequency (PRF), and (iv) the width and direction of the receiving arc.

DOI:10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0097

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The detection problem with multistatic radar systems is considered, resorting to the theory of detection of coherent target signals having a Gaussian probability density embedded in coherent Gaussian-distributed disturbances (i.e. clutter and/or directional jamming). A novelty of the paper is related to the capability of dealing with any type of time autocorrelation function of both target and disturbance. The spatial correlation among the signals scattered towards the receivers can also be taken into account. The latter topic is relevant when the receivers are deployed in a small area with respect to the spatial extension of the autocorrelation function of the scattered signals. Mathematical procedures have been conceived to derive the detection processors and for evaluating the corresponding performance, and have been applied to a number of original cases of interest. Finally, problems concerning the on-line implementation of the proposed processors family are discussed.

DOI:10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0098

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

A theory of distributed detection, which we developed in a recent paper, is applied to the multistatic detection of radar targets characterised by the well known Swerling models. Distributed detection, which has decided practical advantages over the conventional multistatic and monostatic configurations, is shown to be only slightly inferior in detection performance. It is observed, interestingly, that for a large number of detection situations the OR strategy of the central processor of the distributed system exhibits superior performance. However, for a few cases, other strategies such as majority logic etc. excel, over various ranges of received signal/noise ratios.

DOI:10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0099

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The paper presents a unified view of the tracking algorithms available for multistatic radar systems. The first topic considered is the derivation of tracking algorithms for bistatic radar. Different algorithms can be conceived according to different sets of measurements which may be processed (e.g. the range sum and one angle, or two angles). Mean and standard deviation values of tracking errors are evaluated by means of Monte Carlo simulation for a number of typical target paths. The major topic considered in the paper refers to the derivation of a unique tracking filter structure for multistatic radar systems. Particular attention is paid to the case of one transmitter and two noncolocated receivers; additionally, several combinations of multistatic measurements are considered. Furthermore, in this case the tracking performance of the algorithms are evaluated by means of Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The closing Section highlights the trends of the research towards multitarget tracking with distributed estimation techniques and the problem of data fusion.

DOI:10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0100

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The so-called ‘ghost’ problem which complicates emitter location by triangulation can be circumvented by a mixed triangulation/trilateration technique. The ambiguities in either the spatial or time/frequency domain can be removed by the combined measurement of time difference of arrival (DTOA) and direction of arrival (DOA). The paper describes the concept of a mixed triangulation/trilateration emitter location system which is being implemented at the Siemens company as an experimental set-up. The location performance in terms of location probability, signal/noise power ratio at the correlator output and measurement error is presented.

DOI:10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0101

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

It is now apparent that the technology is available to design a practical spaceborne radar. Such a system would provide a greatly improved capability for worldwide surveillance. A spaceborne radar transmitter coupled with passive airborne or ground-based receivers would vastly reduce the vulnerability of the receiver to electronic countermeasures or antiradiation missiles. It is the purpose of the paper to discuss the feasibility, technology issues and requirements of a bistatic system with a spaceborne transmitter and either airborne or ground-based receivers capable of conducting an effective tactical mission. System analyses are performed to identify the best candidate configurations and to estimate their capabilities.

DOI:10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0102

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The paper discusses the use of ‘illuminators of opportunity’ for bistatic radar systems. Experiments in the London area using the Crystal Palace transmitters are reported, including the use of TV pictures designed to make the transmission more closely resemble a pulsed radar signal. It is shown that the separation of targets from the direct signal and clutter requires extensive signal processing under all but the most favourable conditions.

DOI:10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0104

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

Multistatic microwave imaging systems are reviewed with respect to resolution, focusing properties and the means of removing the ambiguities, stemming from very thinly covered apertures.

DOI:10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0105

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET