摘要:

In previous studies we demonstrated the adverse effects of ethyl alcohol in murine head injury. Using this model in this study, effects of prior administration of pentazocine (Talwin) on the survival of mice are reported. Swiss Webster mice were randomly divided into one of three groups. Group I (n= 20) received pentazocine and Group II (n= 20, controls) received saline. Groups I and II were then injured under ether anaesthesia by allowing a weight to fall from a height of 15 cm on the cranium. Ten animals received pentazocine and were anaesthetized but had no head trauma (Group III). In Group II, 85% survived 24 h, and in Group I, 35% survived; all mice in Group III survived 24 h (significance:χ2,p<0.005; Group I versus Groups II and III). Pentazocine increases the lethality of murine head injury.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699059108998514

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Presentations by experts at an international conference on coma and persistent vegetative state (PVS) identified 32 parameters of varying prognostic significance that can be determined in this patient population. These parameters are tabulated for heuristic purposes and to summarize a portion of the information exchanged at this conference.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699059108998515

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Brain-injured patients may frequently develop behaviour disorders in order to avoid participating in rehabilitation activities. In recent years, the use of behaviour modification techniques, particularly the use of positive reinforcement and time-out, has been increasingly reported in the literature as a means of remediating behaviour disturbance in this population. However, reward- or extinction-based programmes are generally not effective in the treatment of avoidance behaviours as they may be ineffective or, at worst, encourage further avoidance of rehabilitation activities. This paper, describes the use of satiation through negative practice in the successful treatment of a severely brain-injured patient whose behaviour, in the form of prolonged shouting, had previously not responded to the range of behavioural techniques used previously with this population. Two successive treatment programmes that were used in an attempt to satiate shouting are presented. Significant reductions in both the frequency and duration of shouting were found, enabling physical and functional gains to be made through successful participation in previously avoided rehabilitation activities. The validity of the use of this technique in the treatment of avoidance behaviour in brain-injured patients is discussed.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699059108998516

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study examined brain-stem auditory evoked potentials response (BAEP) changes in the gerbil after temporary occlusion of the left carotid artery. Fourteen adult gerbils were subjected to unilateral left carotid ligation for 30 min. BAEPs were registered before and 5 min after occlusion, then 5 min, 60 min, 120 min, 24 h, 7 days and 28 days after release of the clip. Waves I (cochlear nerve), III (superior olivary complex) and V (inferior colliculus) were examined. Results were analysed using paired Student'st-test. Transient ischaemia increased latencies of waves I, III and V and the changes were more severe 5 min after release of the clip. In the gerbil, BAEPs might be a suitable method to study cerebral ischaemia.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699059108998517

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fever is a common complication of a traumatic brain injury, occurring during both the acute-care phase and the rehabilitation phase of recovery. The aetiology of fever in this population may remain obscure because of the presence of cognitive confusion associated with post-traumatic amnesia interfering with history taking and the difficult physical examination. We present a case where recovery from a traumatic brain injury was complicated by a fever of unknown origin that proved to be secondary to lateral sinus thrombophlebitis. This case emphasises the importance of a thorough knowledge of the differential diagnosis for fever that is unique to the traumatic brain injury population.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699059108998518

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor