ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124052

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fifty-five brain-injured adults (of 64 discharged) were followed up from 19 to 101 months after discharge from a rehabilitation unit. Change was assessed in terms of discharge and current placement, as compared with pre-admission placement. The results demonstrate that rehabilitation achieved improvements in functional skills and social behaviour that lastingly affected the type of placement possible, and thus improved quality of life. In most cases where improvements were seen during rehabilitation, further improvements occurred after discharge. The findings also have implications for the timing of rehabilitation and for discharge and resettlement planning.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124061

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The relationship between impairment, measured by the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery (HRNTB), and disability, measured by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), was investigated in 164 subjects completing acute, inpatient rehabilitaton following traumatic brain injury. Exploratory factor analysis of the FIM supported a two-factor model of disability, with 13 items loading on a motor disability factor and five items loading on a cognitive disability factor. HRNTB findings and injury-related variables were predictive of motor disability, as five variables accounted for 39-44% of the variance in FIM Motor scores. Contrary to expectations, the relationship with cognitive disability wascomparable to, but did not exceed, that for motor disability, asonly 29-40%of the variance in FIM Cognitive scores was accounted for. The WAIS-R Comprehension subtest was the single best predictor of cognitive disability, accounting for 20% of variance, and suggesting that the FIM Cognitive subscale is measuring social-cognitive ability, as intended by its authors. Results are discussed in terms of the relationships among impairment and disability, including the need to further scrutinize the operationalization of these constructs as they relate to cognitive functions.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124070

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Neuropsychological assessment is a standard component of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation programmes; however, the relationship between neuropsychological test scores and functional abilities is not clear. The current study compared serial neuropsychological test data with functional outcomes for 152 subjects. Outcome was operationally defined for three activity settings (home, school, work) with six levels of productivity for each. Productivity was defined as one's ability to function at increasing levels of independence. Demographic and caseload variables were analysed utilizing correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses. Significant relationships to outcome were found between certain neuropsychological test scores, and certain demographic variables. Positive outcomes were related in part to patient's speed of information processing, memory skills, and simultaneous processing abilities. Also related to positive outcomes were mechanism of injury, level of insurance funding, premorbid educational level, and negative history of substance abuse. The activity setting influenced outcome such that it appeared to be most difficult to return to work, suggesting the necessity of adequate vocational assistance. However, cognitive and demographic variables accounted for less than 30% of the total variance in outcome. Therefore, brain injury rehabilitation must be multifaceted.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124089

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) Verbal IQ-Performance IQ (VIQ-PIQ) discrepancy and a number of indices of intersubtest scatter were examined in 25 subjects with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) evidence of structural brain abnormality. Abnormal VIQ-PIQ differences and scatter index values were identified by referring to published normal base rates. Only 16% of the subjects were identified as abnormal on any one of these WAIS-R measures, which suggests these measures are largely insensitive to the presence of structural brain abnormality in TBI.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124098

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In the absence of the recognition of the emotional sequelae following traumatic brain injury (TBI), many patients are deprived of adequate treatment. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and explore the clinical picture among TBI patients. Twenty-four outpatients with diagnosed head injuries following various traumas filled out standardized questionnaires, assessing post-traumatic residuals. Thirty-three per cent of these patients met criteria for PTSD diagnosis. The clinical picture of PTSD following TBI is somewhat distinguished from those following other traumatic events. Issues concerning the specific nature of the syndrome following TBI, and the difficulties in differentiating between PTSD and postconcussive syndrome, are discussed.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124106

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Cervical spine movements in 38 severe hemiparetic patients were measured, at least 6 months after the breakout of the first and unique cerebral vascular accident. The purpose was to investigate if there was any difference in maximal head rotation and lateral bending movements between the plegic and the sound side. The measurements were taken by a spherical compass attached to a cubic protractor with a small mobile ball inside, both fixed to the patient's head. All the tests were done several months after the end of the rehabilitation process and compared to those obtained in 29 orthopaedic patients without hemiparesis (control group). The results obtained demonstrate that the cervical spine movements in hemiparetic patients are minimally limited and manifested only in lateral bending towards the sound side (p =0 042). The difference was more significant after 1 year or more of hemiparesis (p =0 013). In the control group the differences in the external rotation angle and lateral bending angle between the right and left sides were not significant.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124115

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor