摘要:

Substantial psychological and neurobehavioural evidence is available to support the hypothesis that traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for subsequent psychiatric disorders. However, studies utilizing established psychiatric diagnostic schemes to study these outcomesafter TBIare scarce, and no studies have included an assessment of personality disorders in addition to the major psychiatric disorders. This study utilizes structured psychiatric interviews to measure the prevalence of DSMIII(R) disorders in a sample of 18 subjects derived from a TBI rehabilitation programme. Results revealed high rates for major depression, bipolar affective disorder, generalized anxety disorder, borderline and avoidant personality disorders. Co-morbidity was also high. A preliminary study of postulated predictive factors revealed possible roles for sex and for initial severity of injury. The study supports the association between TBI and psychiatric disorder, and suggests the need for monitoring, for prevention, and for treatment of psychiatric disorders after TBI.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124340

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Deficits in pragmatic communication ability have a significant impact on functional outcome from traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly during adolescence, when sophisticated social communication skills are developing. There are few published tests designed to assess pragmatic skills in this age group. In the present study, four tasks designed to tap various aspects of pragmatic communication ability were administered to three brain-injured adolescents and 36 of their uninjured peers aged 15-18 years. The tasks evaluated the ability to negotiate, hint, describe a simple procedure, and understand sarcasm. The four tasks were found to tap distinct aspects of pragmatic ability in control subjects. Further, within the control group, task performance was related more to non-verbal reasoning ability than vocabulary skills. Scores for two of the three TBI subjects were poorer than those of their peers, while a third mildly injured subject performed within normal limits. Pragmatic task scores were consistent with the results of neuropsychological testing in the three TBI subjects. Implications for clinical management and recommendations for future research are discussed.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124359

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A prospective longitudinal design was employed to describe early (first 6 weeks post-injury) motor function recovery in 16 individuals with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Reliable, standardized testing and scoring protocols were used by a physical therapist to evaluate subjects on several different aspects of motor function, including primitive reflexes, equilibrium/protective reactions, and a wide range of motor skills. The findings revealed that subjects demonstrated significant changes (x2, p 0 05) between 1 and 6 weeks for the following variables: equilibrium reactions in sitting, rolling prone to side-lying, sitting (supported and unsupported), kneeling, standing (assisted and independently), walking (assisted and independently), stair climbing with the use of the handrail and walking 25 m on even ground. A significant change in ability to sit supported between 1 and 3 weeks post-injury was also observed. In addition, recovery was found to be a heterogeneous process, in that different patterns of recovery were evident for the 26 variables and among individual subjects. The clinical implications for physical therapists involved in the rehabilitation of adults with a severe TBI are discussed.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124368

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A modified Delphi technique was used to obtain group consensus among 31 rehabilitation professionals (RPs) from nine rehabilitation centres throughout the province of Que bec (Canada) to ascertain their expert opinion on the health risk factors (HRF) to be verified prior to beginning an exercise programme or evaluation for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). From the initial survey 87 items were generated, which were later regrouped into 27 HRFs. The relative importance of each HRF in regard to being screened before exercise in a population with TBI was then assessed by each RP using a five-point ordinal scale (1 not important to 5 extremely important). HRFs that were considered extremely important by at least 50% of HPs include: angina pectoris, aortic stenosis, exertional syncope, musculoskeletal sequelae which are exacerbated by exercise, outward aggressivity, pulmonary embolism, uncontrolled epilepsy (seizures), and ventricular arrhythmias. Professionals involved in exercising patients with TBI may find these factors useful to the efficient conduct of their rehabilitation programme.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124377

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In initial and follow-up investigations of neuropsychological function in a patient with elemental mercury intoxication, his scores were compared with those of a group of normal control subjects matched for sex, age and education. Each subject received a comprehensive neuropsychological examination including a personality inventory. On the initial examination the results indicated that the patient had a significant depression of performance intellectual functioning, impairments of attention, non-verbal short-term memory and visual judgement of angles and directions, psychomotor retardation and personality changes including depression, anxiety, desire to be alone, lack of interest and sensitivity to physical problems. Such an impairment picture is compatible with the previous observations of individuals with chronic exposure to elemental, organic or inorganic mercury. The follow-up study was undertaken about 1 5 years later. The results showthat the patient's cognitive and personality functions were fully recovered. Our findings thus suggest a reversibility of impaired neuropsychological function in persons with elemental mercury poisoning if a prompt removal from the toxic environment is accomplished, together with proper medical treatment.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124386

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The actions of bradykinin on pial venule leaky site formation were measured intra-vitally in two inbred strains of mice (BALB/c and SJL/J). Pial venules were visualized using an open cranial window microscopy technique and the microvascular leaky site formation was assessed visually using a fluorescein-dextran (70 kDa) indicator. The SJL/J strain was found to be very sensitive to bradykinininduced microvascular leakage. Pial venule leaky site formation was observed after exposure to 10 p M of bradykinin. In contrast, the BALB/c strain was found to be refractory to bradykinin-induced leakage. Pial arterioles were dilated in response to bradykinin in both strains of mice. These results support the concept that genetically controlled differences in vascular sensitivity and localization of inflammatory peptides play important roles in the generation of vasogenic oedema and inflammation in CNS trauma and disease.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124395

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.1080/026990596124403

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor