ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699059209008144

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Post-concussional symptoms, such as headache, dizziness and irritability, are thought to result from the emotional stress associated with decreased cognitive performance after a head injury. A questionnaire-based investigation was carried out in 71 patients with mild head injury (MHI), using a heterogeneous item pool in order to study the interrelationships between traditional post-concussive complaints, cognitive problems, and more emotional and functional complaints. Factor analysis indicated that post-concussive symptoms loaded together with items on problems associated with decreased work performance and fatigability on a first factor, whereas psychovegetative and emotional complaints loaded together on a second factor. Two rating scales were constructed from the relevant items and were used to compare between subgroups of MHI patients and non-concussed controls. Patients with uncomplicated MHI had significantly higher scores than non-concussed subjects on the post-concussive-cognitive scale, but not on the emotional-vegetative scale. Patients with multiple head injuries or pre-existing emotional problems had higher scores on both the post-concussive-cognitive scale and the emotional-vegetative scale than MHI patients without a history of emotional problems. Reliable rating scales may be useful m multidiagnostic studies of MHI patients.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699059209008145

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The prediction of outcome following severe traumatic brain injury has received considerable attention in recent years. Previous prediction studies have focused on a long-term follow-up or prediction period. The reported outcome measures generally adopted a global approach (e.g. independent living) in terms of the prediction of physical function. The objective of the present study was to construct clinically useful predictive equations of motor system status, as represented by selected postural reactions (indicators of central nervous system function). Specifically, these equations would serve to predict the recovery of equilibrium and protective reactions both at 3 and 6 months post-injury, respectively. A stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was performed, where nine predictive variables were considered using a multivariate approach. The results indicate that coma duration followed by age contribute significantly to the predictive capability of the models at both 3 and 6 months post-injury. Specifically, at 3 months, the predictive variables 'coma duration' and 'age' enabled an 84-62% correct prediction rate, whereas, at 6 months, 'coma duration' and 'age' enabled a 79-49% correct prediction rate. In addition, the exact probabilities (for given sample ages and coma durations) and associated 95% confidence intervals were calculated based on the predictive models obtained. The theoretical framework underlying these predictive models can form the basis for further studies. Furthermore, these preliminary predictive models have potential implications for early treatment planning and patient management.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699059209008146

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Twenty-five head-injured patients with localized theta bursts on standard or 24 h ambulatory EEC were administered a standardized interview for neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with complex partial seizures (e.g. olfactory hallucinations, memory gaps) and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Although the formal neuropsychological test performances of these patients were relatively normal they reported an abundance of seizure-like behavioural symptoms. While the frequency of these symptoms was high, they did not occur in a sterotyped complex or sequence. These findings suggest that localized theta bursts may be diagnostic of an underlying neuroelectrical disorder.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699059209008147

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Event-related potentials may offer more precision than behavioural measures for understanding the extent and timing of information processing difficulties that follow closed head injury (CHI). Behavioural tests consistently indicate a general reduction in cognitive function but lack adequate diagnostic or prognostic function. This study compares a group of seven CHI patients, in which time since injury varied between 1 and 5 years following injury, with 10 matched controls on a three-tone discrimination task. Abnormality in the processing of tones as early as 200 ms following their onset, as measured by the P2 and N2 components of the event-related potential, indicated a general difficulty with tone discrimination. This abnormality was obtained despite differing damage profiles over patients and is likely to be due to the diffuse aspects of damage normal in CHI. These results also indicate that functional deficits in CHI patients can extend up to 5 years or more. A correlation between P2/N2 amplitudes and time since injury, however, suggests that both these components normalize with the passage of time and offers the prospect of a sensitive, non-behavioural measure of recovery in cognitive processing.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699059209008148

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The details are reviewed of 50 children who were treated over a 10-year period with clinical signs of fractured base of skull. Two patients died early without signs of sepsis–due to the severity of their head injuries. Of the remainder, 23 received antibiotic prophylaxis and 25 did not. One patient from each of these groups developed pneumococcal meningitis, and they were successfully treated. Our results correlate well with those previously published, confirming the low incidence of infective complications with or without prophylaxis. The need to assemble a large enough series to make statistically significant conclusions regarding this infrequent condition is highlighted throughout the literature, which is reviewed here.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699059209008149

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Following a left temporoparietal-occipital haemorrhage and surgery, a 43-year-old, right-handed male exhibited alexia without agraphia. A remediation programme consisted of training in head turning to compensate for a right visual field defect, letter-by-letter reading aloud and covertly, drill with flash-cards to improve word recognition and practice in naming objects to improve dysnomia. The patient's reading improved markedly over a 6-week period and he was able to resume work as a respiratory therapy supervisor. A post-morbid depression resolved concomitantly with the patient's return to work. The training programme and the patient's post-training approach to reading are discussed in terms of hemispheric functioning as well as 'direct path' and 'indirect path' reading. The effectiveness of training is considered in the context of spontaneous recovery.

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699059209008150

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0269-9052    

DOI:10.3109/02699059209008151

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor