摘要:

SUMMARY The effects of rate of presentation on the evoked K‐Complex were examined. In different conditions, brief duration tone pips were presented every 5, 10 or 30 s. Trials were sorted into those on which a K‐Complex was or was not elicited and averaged separately. The evoked K‐Complex consisted of two different negative components peaking at approximately 350 and 550 ms (respectively), followed by a positive component peaking at approximately 900 ms. K‐Complexes were elicited more often in Stage 2 early and 2 late than in slow‐wave sleep although the differences were not significant. K‐Complexes were elicited more often in the Long ISI compared to the Short and Medium ISI conditions. When a K‐Complex was evoked, the amplitude of N350 and N550 was greater for the Long ISI than for the Short or Medium ISI conditions. P900 amplitude remained invariant regardless of the ISI. A micro‐analysis was carried out whenever 3 consecutive occurring K‐Complexes were elicited. During the Short and Medium ISI conditions, N350 and N550 following the second and third occurrence of the K‐Complex were significantly attenuated compared to the first occurrence. There was no difference in N350 and N550 amplitudes among the 3 consecutive occurrences during the Long ISI condition. The decay in amplitude over consecutive occurrences of the K‐Complex might be a reflection of either habituation

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY This study investigates the short‐term effects of pulsatile cortisol administrations upon sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) and spontaneous release of growth hormone (GH) in humans. Ten young healthy male volunteers received intravenous injections of either placebo or cortisol every 60 min between 17.00 hours and 06.00 hours (1 mg kg‐1BW with a loading dose of 20% starting at 17.00 hours, followed by a dose of 6% every hour until 06.00 hours). The amount of rapid eye‐movement (REM) sleep was significantly reduced (placebo: 19.9 ± 1.8; cortisol: 12.2 ± 1.5%;P<0.05), whereas the time spent in slow‐wave sleep (SWS) was significantly increased (placebo: 9.4 ± 1.6; cortisol: 13.9 ± 1.9%;P<0.05). The SWS‐promoting effect was most prominent during the first hours of sleep, but tended to persist also during the second half of the night. The pulsatile cortisol administration augmented the total amount of plasma GH concentrations (mean area under the time course curve, AUC, placebo: 3.2 ± 0.5; cortisol: 4.4 ± 0.6 [ng × 1000 × ml min‐1];P<0.05) due to an increase of GH release before sleep onset, and during the second half of the night, while the GH surge at sleep onset remained unchanged.Our data are in accordance with the hypotheses that cortisol‐induced changes of both sleep‐EEG and GH secretion involve a common mechanism that includes activation of the hypothalamic‐somatotrophic (growth hormone releasing hor

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY We have recently shown that the expression of two immediate‐early genes,c‐fosand NGFI‐A, is strongly affected by sleep deprivation. In this work, we investigatedc‐fosand NGFI‐A expression after periods of spontaneous wakefulness or sleep. We usedin situhybridization and immunocytochemistry to detect the corresponding mRNA and protein levels, respectively. A first group of rats (S‐L) was sacrificed during the light hours at the end of a long period of sleep. A second group (W‐L) was sacrificed under similar conditions, except that during the last half hour the animals had been spontaneously awake. A third group (W‐D) was sacrificed during the dark hours after a long period of continuous wakefulness. We found thatc‐fosandNGFI‐Aexpression in several brain areas was increased in W‐L and W‐D rats with respect to S‐L rats. Some of these areas, including the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and colliculi, may have been activated by the increased sensory and motor activity associated with waking. The activation of other areas, such as the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus and some brainstem nuclei, may be more directly related to sleep regulation. These results indicate that many regions showing an increased expression of immediate early genes after wakefulness induced by sleep deprivation are also activated by periods

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY Sleep/waking stages and EEG power spectra were studied in rats for 8 h following intraperitoneal administration of CGS 12066B, a selective 5‐HT1Bagonist. Waking was increased and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep decreased in a dose‐dependent manner. Total slow‐wave sleep (TSWS) was reduced, but only in the first 2 h period. The latencies to REM sleep and stable sleep were increased dose‐dependently. The drug also induced profound behavioural changes that may account for some of the sleep/waking changes. EEG power densities in waking and TSWS were reduced dose‐dependently from 7 to 20 Hz after CGS 12066B, suggesting a tendency towards general deactivation. The increase in waking together with a general deactivation suggest complex effects of CGS 12066B on the sleep/

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY The aim of the present work was to study the applicability of the static‐charge‐sensitive bed (SCSB) method to sleep studies, by comparing autonomic nervous activity measured with the SCSB and EEG delta activity (0.5–2 Hz). Simultaneous polygraphic and SCSB measurements of the first sleep cycle (110 min) were recorded from seven subjects. The amount of delta activity filtered from the EEG was compared in 3 min epochs to an autonomic activity index (AAI) based on cardiac, respiratory and body movement activity.Individual Spearman rank order correlation coefficients between delta amplitude and the AAI varied from 0.17 to ‐0.60. Therefore, it is concluded that the relationship between the delta activity and the AAI is not systematic enough for defining ‘depth’ of sleep at any point in time by using the AAI. However, on average, the SCSB differentiates high and low delta values quite well. With some further improvement of the scoring system the SCSB is a useful tool in comparative

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY Increasingly, there is a need in both research and clinical practice to document and quantify sleep and waking behaviors in a comprehensive manner. The Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (PghSD) is an instrument with separate components to be completed at bedtime and waketime. Bedtime components relate to the events of the day preceding the sleep, waketime components to the sleep period just completed. Two‐week PghSD data is presented from 234 different subjects, comprising 96 healthy young middle‐aged controls, 37 older men, 44 older women, 29 young adult controls and 28 sleep disorders patients in order to demonstrate the usefulness, validity and reliability of various measures from the instrument. Comparisons are made with polysomnographic and actigraphic sleep measures, as well as personality and circadian type questionnaires. The instrument was shown to have sensitivity in detecting differences due to weekends, age, gender, personality and circadian type, and validity in agreeing with actigraphic estimates of sleep timing and quality. Over a 12–31 month delay, PghSD measures of both sleep timing and sleep quality showed correlations between 0.56 and 0.81 (n= 39,P

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY Seventeen children and young adults with the Prader‐Willi syndrome were investigated. Twelve of 17 subjects had excessive daytime sleepiness as determined by their own or parental report, a high Epworth Sleepiness Scale score or a short mean sleep latency. Night sleep disturbances were reported in seven subjects with snoring, mouth‐breathing, breath‐holding and occasional nocturnal enuresis. Polysomnography showed abnormalities of sleep structure with rapid eye movements without reduction in muscle tone at sleep onset in 12 subjects, and a high respiratory event index with frequent brief apnoeas, particularly in REM sleep, in 16 subjects. Most apnoeas were not accompanied by arousals. Seven subjects, all of whom were obese, were considered to have symptomatic sleep apnoea and were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) but this was poorly tolerated in two. Five subjects continued CPAP over a 6‐month period resulting in subjective improvement in excessive daytime sleepiness in 3.Excessive daytime sleepiness occurs in approximately two‐thirds of subjects with the Prader‐Willi syndrome. It is mainly of central origin but obstructive sleep apnoea may increase sleepiness, particularly in o

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY