ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY A diary‐like instrument to measure lifestyle regularity (the 96 subjects (48 women, 48 men), 39 of whom repeated the study after at least one year, with additional objective measures of rest/activity. Lifestyle regularity as measured by the SRM related to age, morningness, subjective sleep quality and time‐of‐day variations in alertness, but not to gender, extroversion or neuroticism. Statistically significant test‐retest correlations of about 0.4 emerged for SRM scores over the 12–30 month delay. Diary‐based estimates of bedtime and waketime appeared fairly reliable. In a further study of healthy young men, 4 high SRM scorers (‘regular’) had a deeper nocturnal body temperature trough than 5 low SRM scorers (‘irregular’), suggesting a better functioning circadian system i

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY It has recently been reported that selective REM sleep deprivation (REMD) in college students results in memory impairment of the application of a set of rules in a logic task, but not recall of a paired associate task. The present experiments were designed to examine the effects of Total Sleep Deprivation (TSD) and (REMD) following acquisition of a pure motor task, the pursuit rotor. In Experiment 1, subjects (N= 90) were exposed to TSD for one of several nights following training. Results showed that TSD on the same night as training resulted in poorer performance on retest one week later. In Experiment 2, subjects (N= 42) were exposed to various kinds of sleep deprivation on the night of task acquisition. One group was subjected to REMD. Other groups included a non‐REM awakening control group (NREMA), a TSD group, a normally rested Control group and a group allowed the first 4h of sleep in the night before being subjected to TSD (LH‐TSD) for the rest of the night. Results showed the REMD and Control groups to have excellent memory for this task while the TSD and LH ‐ TSD subjects had significantly poorer memory for the task. The NREMA group showed a slight, but not significant deficit. It was concluded that Stage 2 sleep, rather than REM sleep was the important stage of sleep for efficient memory processing of the pursuit rot

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY A quantitative method was applied in order to assess variations in EEG activities during sleep. Three classes of variations were distinguished: variations connected with sleep‐stage changes (class 1), higher‐frequency variations described by the envelope of frequency‐band activities (class 2), intermediate‐frequency variations, corresponding to periods from 4 to 120 s (class 3). For each class, parameters characterizing the frequency spectra were computed. These parameters were mathematically simple and clear in their meaning, since they measured power, modulation index and mean squared frequency. A statistical comparison of the mean values of the parameters during different sleep stages evidenced a certain number of significant shifts in each of the three classes. The most important class‐1 and class‐2 variations were described by our parameters with high levels of significance. The results obtained for class 3 were in agreement with visual observations reported in the literature, such as the progressive increase in the interval between successive arousals from sleep onset to Stage 4 and the frequent occurrence of cyclic alternating patterns during Stage 2 epochs immediately preced

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY The wavelet transform is a relatively new approach to data processing which has been applied in different areas such as signal, speech and image processing. In the last decade, many papers have been published on wavelet theory and its applications. The wavelet transform provides an elegant alternative to the classical Fourier or Gabor transforms unifying numerous signal processing techniques in a common framework. The purpose of the present paper is to provide an overview of the applicability of the wavelet transform to EEG signal analysis. In the first part of the paper the mathematical background is summarized. In the second part, applications to the sleep EEG field are presented and discussed. The results of these illustrations demonstrate the usefulness of the wavelet transform to solve various problems including signal parametrization, pattern recognition and biosignal representatio

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY Lesions of the dorsal pontine tegmentum release muscle tone and motor behaviour, much of it similar to orienting during wakefulness, into rapid eye movement sleep (REM), a state normally characterized by paralysis. Sleep after pontine lesions may be altered, with more REM‐A episodes of shorter duration compared to normal REM. We examined behaviour, ponto‐geniculo‐occipital (PGO) waves (which may be central markers of orienting) and sleep in lesioned cats: (i) to characterize the relationship of PGO waves to behaviour in REM‐A; (ii) to determine whether post‐lesion changes in the timing and duration of REM‐A episodes were due to activity‐related awakenings; and (iii) to determine whether alterations in sleep changed the circadian sleep/wake cycle in cats. Behavioural release in REM‐A was generally related to episode length, but episode length was not necessarily shorter than normal REM in cats capable of full locomotion in REM‐A. PGO wave frequency was reduced overall during REM‐A, but was higher during REM‐A with behaviour than during quiet REM‐A without overt behaviour. Pontine lesions did not significantly alter the circadian sleep/wake cycle; REM‐A had approximately the same Light/Dark distribution as normal REM. Differences in the patterning of normal REM and REM‐A within sleep involve more than mere movement‐induced awakenings. Brainstem lesions that eliminate the atonia of REM may damage neural circuitry involved in REM initiation and maintenance; this circuitry is separate fr

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00136.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY A positive diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is based on a combination of characteristic symptoms and polysomnographic findings. The present study evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of several risk factors, signs and symptoms in predicting an Apnoea Index in 86 patients referred to the sleep laboratory with suspected OSA. All 86 subjects completed a detailed questionnaire, were interviewed, underwent a brief physical examination, and then a whole‐night polysomnographic study. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that self reporting on apnoeas, neck circumference index (NCI), age, and a tendency to fall asleep unintentionally, were all significant positive predictors of apnoea index (AI), explaining 41.8% of the variability. The sensitivity of the model for predicting OSA (taking OSA as AI>10) was 92.2%, specificity was 18.2% and the positive predictive value was 76.6%. Raising the cut‐off AI values resulted in decreased sensitivity and increased specificity. Applying the predicting equation of AI to another group of 50 patients referred to the sleep laboratory with suspected OSA revealed similar results. However, running the equation on 105 offspring of OSA patients who did not complain of OSA‐associated symptoms resulted in 32% sensitivity and 94% specificity in predicting OSA. It is concluded that questionnaires, interviews and physical examination, can only vaguely predict AI, and cannot replace polysomnographic recordings. However, the low rates of false negative in predicting AI>10, and the low rates of false positive in predicting AI>50, can be used for specific p

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00137.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY Thirty‐two obese patients (Body Mass Index (BMI) = 38.5 ± 3.7) with obstructive sleep apnoea (the average number of oxygen desaturations per hour of sleep exceeding 4% from the baseline (OD14) = 38.6 ± 23.9) underwent a one‐year cognitive‐behavioural weight reduction programme with a one year follow‐up period.The criteria for successful treatment were (i) a decrease in OD14 to less than 10 and (ii) a decrease in OD14 that was greater than 50%. Fourteen (44%) patients were considered to be treated successfully at six months. When the patients were grouped according to weight loss 23 patients had lost more than 5 kg; 12 (52%) of them belonged to the group treated successfully. At 24 months, however, only three (9%) patients could be regarded as treated successfully and six patients had been transferred to other treatment modes (Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (nCPAP) and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP)). The changes in weight correlated with the changes in OD14 (r = 0.47 and 0.63 at the 6‐month and the 24‐month evaluation

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARY The pattern of desynchronized sleep (DS) occurrence in the rat was studied during exposure to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 0°C for 48 h and during a 12 h recovery period at laboratory Ta(23°C) following the first and second 24 h of cold exposure. The exposure to low Tainduces a DS deprivation which is followed, during recovery, by a clear DS rebound. Both the decrease and the following increase in the amount of DS are due to changes in the frequency rather than in the duration of DS episodes.The frequency distribution of the intervals between the end of one DS episode and the beginning of the next (DS interval) has shown that two populations of DS intervals exist, i.e. short DS intervals (≤3 min) and long DS intervals (>3 min). On the basis of this, two types of DS episodes have been identified: the ‘single DS episode’, which is both preceded and followed by a long DS interval, and the ‘sequential DS episode’, which is a DS episode occurring within a cluster or a sequence of DS episodes and is characteristically separated by short DS intervals. The occurrence of such sequential DS episodes in a ‘DS cluster’, allows a high amount of DS to occur without increasing the duration of the DS episode. DS clusters are repressed during cold exposure, when the DS drive is counteracted by the need to thermoregulate, and enhanced during recovery, when the DS drive is unrestrained. In contrast, the occurrence of single DS episodes is much less affected by such different experi

ISSN:0962-1105    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY