摘要:

Abstract.‘Deregulation’ is best conceived as covering two separate sets of processes: changes to the structure of rules embodied in regulatory systems; and disturbances to the stability of those systems due to the inability of system ‘governors’ to function effectively. The most striking feature of deregulation is variety ‐ in incidence, form and extent. This variety is a function of three broad sets of variables: place, notably national setting; time, notably the historical epoch and the stage in a regulatory cycle when deregulation happens; and arena, notably the economic arena and policy networks where deregulation ta

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1989.tb00186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This article is concerned with the relationship between systemic and ideological changes affecting West European broadcasting and the nature of the regulatory responses. In theoretical terms the research interest Lies in the question of the extent to which changes in the nature of West European broadcasting regulation are determined by technological factors and forces in the international political economy. Particular attention is given to the factors impeding or constraining deregulation and to the argument that national institutional structures and traditions are mediating the impacts of technology, markets and ideology. Whilst the ultimate effects on future broadcasting regulation remain controversial, certain broad trends can be identified.

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1989.tb00187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This paper looks at the issues raised when deregulation is also accompanied with redistribution of the residual regulatory powers between governments and international organisations by focusing on the experience of deregulation of the airline industry in the European Community. The paper starts by applying a model of the political market for protection to the specific circumstances of the European airline industry in an effort to clarify the difficulties raised when redistribution of regulatory powers between different levels of government takes place. The findings of this analysis are then used to elucidate the European experience and in particular to explain the gap between the original proposals of the Commission and the final compromises worked out in the Council of Ministers.

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1989.tb00188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Frenchdirigismesince World War II has been identified at four levels: economic planning; the dominance of aneo‐colbertisrecivil service elite; Gaullism and the Fifth Republic; and a state‐led, credit‐based system for financing industry. The last of these was seen by Zysman (1977, 1983) as the strategic core ofdirigisme, as in Japan, through state control of industrial purse strings. Paradoxically, it was the Socialist Governments of 1981–86, in response to deregulation elsewhere, which initiated extensive capital market reforms intended to replace the state‐led, credit‐based system with an ‘arms‐length’ financial market system. These continued under the right‐wing Chirac Government. However, the reform process itself has been state‐led rather than market‐led; and both rigidities in the markets and shortcomings in the reforms have been highlighted by the October 1987 crash. Muchdirigismeof a tactical kind remains, but the state's potential for strategic interv

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1989.tb00189.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Deregulation in the Netherlands has been associated with the perceived crisis of the welfare state. But in the area of environmental policy it has not meant dismantling those substantive regulations designed to promote improved environmental quality. Deregulation in environmental management has involved the retention of overall regulatory objectives while striving to simplify and streamline existing regulatory procedures, and developing alternatives to the more traditional instruments of regulation. Deregulation in this area is a prime example of ‘re‐regulation’‐ of steps taken to make existing regulations more effective, or to replace rules with other instruments designed to achieve more effectively and efficiently the same behavioural changes sought with the original regulatory

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1989.tb00190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Since the new grand coalition government took office in 1986, deregulation has become an official goal of government policy in Austria. The article describes debates, measures and countervailing tendencies in three areas of deregulation: delegislation, privatization and the promotion of competition. Because deregulation initiatives have not been very effective the conclusion discusses political constraints and opportunities for such policies in the future.

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1989.tb00191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In 1982, a new Liberal‐Conservative government launched a grand deregulatory campaign as part of its programme for restoring the Danish economy. After some initial success, the campaign lost momentum. The government gradually realised that it was difficult to mobilise both economic interests and public opinion for the cause of deregulation. Bureaucratic resistance and disinterest among economic interest organisations together with the erosion of political commitment to deregulation after a couple of years stopped the campaign. Still, some results were reached where least expecte

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1989.tb00192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY