摘要:

ABSTRACTThe article examines how and to what extent municipal finances are affected by a city's position in an urban hierarchy. A distinction is made between collective and individual services on the one hand, and job‐ and residence‐related services on the other. It is hypothesized that job‐related collective services are more affected by a city's centrality than other services, and that residence‐related individual services are least affected. By and large, the results of the analyses lend support to this hypothesis, although they are inconclusive as to the difference between job‐ and residence‐related collective services. Altogether, the analysis demonstrates the importance of taking a city's centrality into consideration when assessing its financi

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRCTUrban systems theory offers a useful and potentially powerful way of analysing public policy and service expenditures, a research field which, in the past, has lacked in general theory and good empirical results. It is hypothesized that just as cities which play an important role in the national urban system provide a wide range of specialized and expensive goods and services in the private sector, so also will they tend to spend heavily on a range of public services and amenities. Following recent theoretical developments, the presence of the headquarters of major companies is used as a measure of the importance of English and Welsh cities in the national urban system, and this measure is related to service expenditures. The results strongly support the hypothesis, and suggest that levels of service expenditure, particularly on what are termed indivisible services, are related to the general characteristics of an urban system, rather than directly to the concentration of business headquarters.

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThrough comparison of the relationship between age and voter turnout in new and established electorates, this article tests life cycle versus experience‐related explanations of political participation. The relationship between age and turnout for the newly enfranchised should resemble that for the previously enfranchised if life cycle forces dominate: turnout increasing with age until peaking in the middle years, then declining with old age. If experience with the vote dominates, the relationship of age to turnout should differ: with new electorates there should be a much smaller difference between the turnout of the young and the middle‐aged, peak turnout should occur at an earlier age than for established electorates, drop‐off among the elderly should be especially steep, and such differences between the electorates should decline over time after enfranchisement. The evidence examined for new electorates ‐data spanning 18 national elections in eight countries ‐ shows that the same relationship between age and turnout characterizes new and established electorates. Lack of experience with the vote, or resistance to acquiring new attitudes and behaviour, does not seem to alter appreciably the relationship of age to turnout in new electorates. Implications of this finding for the development of democratic participation and socialization theories of adult change are c

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTStudies on Italian electoral behaviour have relied mainly on ideological explanations of party support. Taking a rational choice approach, this paper assesses the relevance and the impact of aggregate economic conditions upon the political preferences of the Italian electorate in the period 1953–1979. Without neglecting the strength of ideological and cultural ties with parties, it is found that economic considerations do play an important role for Italian electors. Increasing inflation reduces the electoral strength of the Christian Democratic Party while it rewards the Communist opposition. Growing unemployment shows an opposite trend, thus pointing out the peculiarity of the economic relationship that links electors to parties in the Italian system, which can be accounted for within a rational framewor

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper makes an effort to evaluate the present state of comparative research on the determinants of the welfare state. The major thesis is that both theories and comparative results diverge to an extent that is not warranted by reality. Conflicting findings are in many cases explained by methodological features of the studies, a brief summary of which is given in the paper, and theories of the determinants of the welfare state are often presented in contradictory forms. In fact, their major claims may be integrated. The paper outlines a model of the determinants of the welfare state, which attempts to integrate the major findings of comparative research, and which also allows an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of major theories.

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY