ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1991.tb01173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This article gives an overview discussion of the electoral campaigns and the results of the European elections of 1989. The role of national as well as European actors and issues during the campaigns are highlighted, and the results are discussed, both in view of turnout and party strength, in terms of its likely implications for the national and European political process.

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1991.tb01174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This article addresses the problems of the campaign period of the 1989 Euro‐elections: frequency of following the campaign, media use, preferences for various channels of communication (conversations, encounters with party workers, political meetings, mailed material, posters, advertisements, press, TV, radio). It demonstrates that, even if important national variations can be found, common socio‐economic and political stratifications are at work, across borders, on the continent.The variables of sex, occupation and political affiliations clearly play a role which frequently is transnational, and sometimes more active than the variable of nation. It is also true that, compared to the 1979 campaign, the 1989 one is marked by a problem of significant alignments: the last campaign tends to be less sexist, less ‘socially privileged’ and less biased to right wing voters than the first one. But these alignments take place among weak figures of interest and partic

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1991.tb01175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This article reviews conventional wisdom about determinants of electoral participation in general, and of participation in European elections in particular. A model of European electoral participation is proposed which relates indicators of general political involvement, European attitudes and orientations and social‐structural background characteristics to both intended and reported participation. In contrast to the findings of earlier research, it appears that the participation of EC citizens in the European elections of June 1989 ‐ as reported in the post‐electoral surveys of the European Elections Study 1989 ‐ was primarily the result of ‘habitual voting’. Irrespective of their EC related attitudes and more general political involvement, those who participated went to the polls just because they are used to doing so on e

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1991.tb01176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This article focuses on competition for votes between parties, as it existed in Western Europe in the period of the direct election to the European Parliament in 1989. Following earlier research by Van der Eijk and Niemöller, an instrument is introduced to measure the probability of party choice of EC citizens which establishes the likelihood of respondents to vote for any of the nationally relevant options/parties. A number of substantive conclusions about political parties'competitive performance result from this research. First, a single mechanism seems to structure electoral competition in all EC member‐countries. Second, the competitive performance of political parties is not affected by their governmental status, their ideological position, and the degree of politicisation of the electoral environment. And third, parties'competitive performance is strongly affected by the degree of uniqueness of their electoral potential, their mobilising capacities, their ideological extremity and their sheer si

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1991.tb01177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:After a discussion of the role of ‘issues’ in models of voting behaviour, this article focuses on the degree of homogeneity of issue evaluations on the one hand and the match between issue evaluations and vote choice on the other. Three major conclusions emerge from cross‐national comparative analyses. First, and quite generally, a large segment of the national electorates does not perceive any particular party as best able to handle any of the problems they personally feel most important. Second, when particular parties are considered as best able to handle the problems seen as most important, then uniform ‐ or homogeneous ‐ evaluations outnumber more varied choices by far. And third, overall vote intention matches the competence evaluation much more often than not. These results give little support for the cognitive, rational choice approach to issue voting, but, still issue competence evaluations may be more than merely a reflection of affec

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1991.tb01178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In spite of the fact that the European elections were, in most countries, not fought over the issue of Community building and European integration, this article shows that only a few parties take positions towards the Community which are clearly out of line with the average position of their voters. The parties involved are the orthodox‐Protestant combination in the Netherlands, the Workers Party in Ireland, the Italian MSI, and the greens in Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland and, to a somewhat lesser extent, Luxembourg. The discrepancies between these parties'positions and the attitudes of their electorates ‐ in combination with their generally successful electoral performance ‐ underscores what is known from other analyses: Parties do not acquire votes on the basis of European issue concerns, but on the basis of national political concerns. The result of the European elections may still, however, be considered as anex post facto, endorsement and legitimation of parties'policies towards European integr

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1991.tb01179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Why do European elections look more like national elections in retrospect than in prospect? One possibility is that during the run‐up to a European election party leaders appeal for the votes of their ‘normal’ supporters, and their success in these appeals gives rise to the ‘normal’ outcome of the campaign. To test this hypothesis two definitions of ‘normal supporters’ are evaluated and the outcome is to discredit the use of party identification as a means of identifying supporters. Instead, social structure is employed to identify the groups that might respond to party appeals, and the basic finding of the article is that supporters defined in this fashion do increase their support for appropriate parties during the run‐up to a European election, as though they were responding to appeals of the hy

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1991.tb01180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1991.tb01181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0304-4130    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1991.tb01182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY