摘要:

ABSTRACT.The Abberrant Behaviour Checklist was administered to 209 British mentally handicapped adults in two large residential facilities. This sample included a substantial proportion (45%) of non‐ambulant people not included in previous studies. The five‐factor solution originally reported by Amanet al.(1985a) was replicated using both four‐point ratings and dichotomously recoded rating. For both methods of scoring, the five scales derived from Amanet al.'s original factor analysis remained highly internally consistent. Dichotomously coded ratings may offer the advantage over four‐point ratings of retaining the same factor structure with better reli

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01394.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Marriage was examined in a total population of mentally retarded young adults born in a 5‐year period. No one with severe retardation had married. Among the mildly retarded, significantly fewer young people had married by age 22 than in a nonretarded comparison population, and the retarded young people who had married had significantly higher IQs than the remainder of the mildly retarded population. The retarded females had significantly more problems in their marriages than nonretarded comparisons. Nevertheless, the marriages of almost half the mildly retarded young women appeared to be working out well. The retarded young men were not significantly different from nonretarded comparisons. Marriages in which both partners were retarded had many problem

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01395.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Twelve people with a mild mental handicap, their mothers and members of staff of Adult Training Centres were interviewed to explore their views on the subjects of stigma and handicap, and to establish the facts about the social life and autonomy of people with a mental handicap. It was found that all participants with a mental handicap were aware of the stigma attached to them. A minority of three conceived of themselves as ‘essentially different’ from non‐handicapped people, while the majority of nine conceived of themselves as ‘essentially the same’. In contrast, the majority of mothers viewed their sons and daughters as ‘essentially different’ from non‐handicapped people. These findings do not support the claim of the social constructionist theory of the self that people's self‐concepts are primarily determined by the ways in which they are treated by the significant others. Rather, people with a mental handicap are aware of their own agency and clearly express their soci

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01396.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Parents of 63 North American girls with Rett syndrome filled out retrospective questionnaires in a project of the International Rett Syndrome Association, a parent group. No consistent pattern was revealed of possible etiological factors related to environmental insults; however, additional information gathered supported a genetic etiology. The survey included one pair of identical twins and one child with consanguineous parents. There were 46 male sibs and 34 female sibs. These data weigh against any theory relating etiology to a gene on the X chromosome which is lethal to malesin utero. Figures were gathered on a number of clinical items. These were: onset of symptoms between 6 and 18 months of age, 83%; autistic withdrawal, 73%; never walked independently, 23%; hyperventilators with abdominal swelling, 63%; night laughter, 83%. The average age of walking of those who walked was 19 months and the average onset of seizure disorders was between 31/2 and 4 years of age. This paper ends by discussing the limitations of a parent questionnaire.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01397.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The present study was aimed at developing a computer‐aided programme for promoting performance of unsupervized activities with two multihandicapped adolescents. Simple household and occupational tasks already familiar to the subjects were selected as activities. Both subjects discriminated the pictorial representations of ihosc activities. In order to control for the effects of the computer‐aided programme, the subjects were also exposed to a card programme. Data indicate that the computer‐aided programme was successful with both subjects. Advantages and limitations of this programme are disc

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Thirty‐three severely mentally handicapped children were involved in a study to evaluate the effectiveness of three training programmes in teaching visual discriminations. Three matched sets of subjects each received both a size and an intensity discrimination with either: (1) size prompting; (2) intensity prompting; or (3) no prompting (trial‐and‐error training). The prompted groups therefore received both criterion‐related (CR) and non‐criterion‐related (NCR) training. Order of presentation of the discriminations was counterbalanced across subjects. There was a significant main effect of training group with both size and intensity prompting groups making significantly fewer errors than the trial‐and‐error group (P<0.05 in both cases), bui not differing significantly from each other. Significant linear trends for increasing errors across CR, NCR and trial‐and‐error training programmes were found for both the size discrimination (PP<0.01), and intensity discrimination (PP<0.05). More children acquired the discriminations when trained with a CR prompt than with a NCR prompt or trial‐and‐error procedure, and all four children who failed lo acquire discriminations with NCR prompts subsequently acquired them when trained with a CR programme. The results arc discussed in relation to cue discriminability and theoretical explanations involving overs

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Nonretarded (NR) individuals typically show better short‐term memory for brief sequences of auditory than visual information (the modality effect). The present study attempted to determine whether the failure of Down's syndrome (DS) individuals to show the modality effect is due to the verbal‐expressive demands of oral responding in memory tasks. DS, NR and MR (non‐DS mentally retarded) subjects listened to or looked at increasingly long sequences of digits and attempted to recall them either orally or manually (through placement of items). Analyses suggested the following: (1) manual responding failed to enhance auditory recall in either DS or any other subjects; and (2) difficulty in recalling auditory stimuli was greatest for DS mentally retarded subjects. An additional assessment of DS, MR and NR subjects on a standardized auditory short‐term memory test requiring a nonverbal pointing response replicated the above f

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A female patient is described in whom autistic traits and Tourettism are associated. The nature of this association is discussed.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Selective Neuronal Death: Ciba Foundation Symposium 126. Edited by GregoryBockand MaeveO'ConnorDementia. Edited by BrucePITTInternational Review of Research in Mental Retardation, Volume 14. Edited by NormanR. Ellisand NormanW. Bray

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY