摘要:

AbstractThe importance of measuring attitudes of trainee professionals to people with disabilities was addressed. A questionnaire which included the Scale of Attitudes towed Disabled Persons (SADP) and the Intellectual Disability Misconceptions Scale (IDMS) was completed by first and final year tertiary students enrolled in a 3‐year course on intellectual disability. The attitude measures did not discriminate between the two groups of students, psychometric properties were poor and the factor structure of the SADP did not replicate previous findings. As expected, there was some convergence between the two attitude measures, and relationships to subject variables were consistent with previous research. Recommendations for subsequent research were discusse

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00517.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of anti‐psychotic medication with an adult population of people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviours was investigated as part of an epidemiological study covering seven district health authorities and corresponding local authorities in North West England. The study found a high rate of prescription of anti‐psychotic drugs (48·1%). Chlorpromazine was the most frequently prescribed drug, followed by Thiorid a zineand Hal of eri‐dol. Three variables, psychiatric diagnosis, where the person was resident (hospital disturbed ward, hospital non‐disturbed ward, hostel or family home) and district of origin were found to be significant determinants of prescriptions when all other variables were controlled. Of the variables reflecting individual characteristics those significantly related to prescription suggested that the socially disruptive effects of challenging behaviour were determining prescription. The results are discussed in the context of differing prescription practices across residence and district in the context of the management of socially disruptive b

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00518.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was administered to 40 adults with severe and profound mental retardation. All participants were free from known conditions which may have given misleading results from cortisol assay. Of nine participants who showed symptoms possibly indicating depression the DST results concurred in two cases (i.e. there were two true‐positives). However there were four or five (depending on criteria adopted) false‐positive DST results. There did not appear to be a consistent behavioural profile for positive DST responders. With sensitivity to possible depression estimated at 22%, and a diagnostic confidence of<35%, these data do not support recommendations that the DST is useful for assisting in diagnosis of depression in this populat

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00519.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe authors demonstrate the high prevalence of personality disorders in 384 intellectually impaired individuals examined in both community and institutional settings in southwestern Ontario, Canada. The relationship of specific clusters of personality disorders to later onset of psychiatric disorders in intellectually impaired individuals is suggested. New approaches to the management of personality disorders are noted utilizing clinical case studies. Differences and similarities in nomenclature in American and International diagnostic classifications are illustrated in this study. The use of a detailed longitudinal and cross‐sectional collection of biological, social and standardized personality schedules is demonstrated as feasible in this special populatio

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00520.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAttachment theory makes sense of two phenomena observed in some people with learning disabilities: it provides a reason for their limited exploration of the world, and it explains discontinuities in the pattern and intensity of their expressions of anger. Applying this framework to three enmeshed relationships occurring between an adult with learning disabilities and a member of care staff achieved at least partial resolution of their problems. Attachment theory's critics have set a number of challenges for its proponents, including emphasizing an interactional rather than a unidirectional approach to relationships; prioritizing social context; and understanding the attachment dynamic dimensionally rather than as a set of categories. The latter issue is pertinent for residential services: facilitating secure attachment relationships for distressed clients may be difficult for professionals, but partial assuagement of their attachment needs is a realistic clinical goal.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00521.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor policy purposes as well as for the provision of individual care, it Is relevant to know which individual characteristics have impact upon the level of care dependence. For purposes of individual care provision, characteristics which can be influenced and which also have an important impact upon the care dependence are of interest. This study showed that the profoundly mentally handicapped are almost all totally dependent upon care, and therefore additional information about individual characteristics is superfluous. The results of logistic regression analyses showed a statistically significant and important impact of ADL‐functions. Exactly which other characteristics are relevant to consider depends upon the level of care dependence and the level of mental handica

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00522.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEugenics refers to the investigation of means of social control to improve the mental or physical qualities of future generations. The present study investigated whether the self‐reported attitudes toward mental retardation and eugenics of a sample of 572 respondents would vary as a function of (1) severity of the mental retardation attitude referent; and (2) respondent sociode‐mographic characteristics. Among the respondents, 380 were health and human service providers (66% upper division undergraduate students and 34% graduate level professionals) and 192 were upper division undergraduate students majoring in fields other than health and human services. The results supported these conclusions: (1) psychometric characteristics of the scales used to measure attitudes were adequate; (2) increasing mental retardation severity was related to increasing endorsement of eugenic principles, independent of global attitudes toward people with mental retardation; and (3) respondent education was related to the expression of eugenic attitudes toward mild mental retardation, while familiarity with people with mental retardation was related to the expression of eugenic attitudes toward moderate and profound mental retardat

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00523.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndividuals with either fragile‐X syndrome or Down's syndrome with IQ scores less than 40 were assessed on the Down Syndrome Mental Status Exam. The results of the testing were examined for syndrome‐specific cognitive profiles. No evidence for syndrome‐specific cognitive profiles were found. These same individuals were then classified as high or low IQ, and each group was examined for IQ‐level‐specific profiles. Unique IQ level cognitive profiles were found. Classifying the individuals with regard to aetiology obscured IQ‐level‐specific strengths and weaknesses. Researchers and developers of curricula are cautioned against generalizing cognitive profiles to all IQ levels of a specific gen

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00524.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe validity of responses by individuals with mental retardation during interviews is threatened by a number of biases. Acquiescence (the disposition to answer ‘yes’ regardless of the question asked) is a commonly observed response bias committed by respondents to questionnaires and interviews, and this disposition is significantly more pronounced when persons of low status are questioned by high‐status interviewers. Research on the acquiescence bias suggests that it can be reduced in mentally retarded respondents by replacing the usual ‘yes/no’ question format with an ‘either/or’ format. Enhancing the either/or choices with accompanying picture representations of each choice is beneficial in increasing mentally retarded subjects’ responding and in reducing their tendency to choose the latter of two either/ or choices.‘Nay‐saying’(the disposition to say ‘no’ regardless of the question asked), while less common than ‘yea‐saying’(i.e. than acquiescence), has also been noted in response to certain question formats and taboo topics. This review implies that the validity of an interview with respondents of limited intelligence depends greatly

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00525.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInformation collected in the context of a survey of all people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour in a single metropolitan borough indicated: (1) care staff report that a significant proportion of their colleagues usually display such emotional reactions as sadness, despair, anger, annoyance, fear and disgust to episodes of challenging behaviour; (2) respondents reported that the most significant sources of stress associated with caring for someone with challenging behaviour centred upon the ‘daily grind’ of caring, their difficulty in understanding the person's behaviour, the unpredictability of the behaviour and the apparent absence of an effective way forward; (3) care staff attribute the causes of the person's challenging behaviour to a diversity of internal psychological, broad environmental, behavioural and medical factors. These results are discussed in relation to their implications for staff‐seeking and implementing external advice regarding the management of challenging beha

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00526.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY