摘要:

ABSTRACT.Several studies have reported changes in auditory event‐related potentials in patients with Alzheimer's type dementia, These include an increase in latency and a reduction in amplitude of the P300 (P3) response, a late positive component generated about 300 ms after an unexpected stimulus. Alzheimer's type dementia is an almost invariable acompaniment of ageing in Down's syndrome. This study was designed to assess the usefulness of the auditory P300 response as a measure of the onset of dementia in Down's subjects, who because of poor language development may be difficult to assess by psychological tests. Auditory event‐related potentials were recorded from 89 Down's subjects, aged 16–66 years. A control group of 29 mentally retarded subjects with fragile‐X syndrome and 83 normal volunteer controls were also tesled. Clinical psychological testing found evidence of dementia in 16 Down's subjects and none with fragile‐X. Furthermore, in the Down's population but not the fragile‐X or control groups, there was a marked increase in P300 latency with age starting around 37 years. In controls, the effect of age on P300 latency became significant some 17 years later around the age of 54 years. The premature effect of age on P300 in Down's syndrome was due to the prolonged P300 latency in the 16 subjects showing signs of dementia. It was confirmed that P300 latency increase reflects the development of Alzheimer's dementia in Down

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Sixty‐five subjects with Down's syndrome were followed up and retested 2 years after the initial recording ni auditory P300 (P3) event‐related potential described in a companion paper (Blackwoodet al., 1988). The number of subjects showing clinical evidence for Alzheimer's type dementia had increased by a further 14%. In subjects showing clinical deterioration over a period of 2 years, 78% (7/9) had an increase in P3 latency which was three standard deviations or greater than the group mean. None of the 20 fragile‐X group retested showed significant change after 2 years. The results suggest that P3 change may be a sensitive index of the onset of Alzheimer's type dementia in Down's syn

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The pattern of cognitive development in severely mentally handicapped children was assessed with the Uzgiris‐Hunt (1975) Scales of Infant Psychological Development, which measure pre‐verbal sensorimotor intelligence. The normative data on which Uzgiris&Hunt constructed the Scales were used for the comparison. The results indicated considerable deficits in the handicapped children, particularly in imitat

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.People with Down's syndrome (DS) are at high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). The gene coding for Superoxide dismutase‐/ on chromosome 21 resulting in excess activity of the enzyme with consequent risk of oxidative damage might account for the premature ageing. Vitamin E protects against such damage. Plasma vitamin E levels measured in 12 DS subjects with AD (8.19·0.77 μg/ml) were lower (P<0.05) than in 12 DS controls (9.43·1.57 μg/ml). It is suggested that there may be an interaction between risk of AD and the protective action of vita

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.There are few instances of studies which elicit mentally handicapped subjects’ views of their own anxiety. This may be because the assessments available are inappropriate and poorly understood by the client group. The present study sets out to adapt the Zung self‐rating anxiety scale for use with mentally handicapped subjects Items were rephrased to ensure understanding, although a small degree of standardization may have been lost in this process. Similarly, response presentations were altered to ensure a reliable understanding on behalf of subjects. It was found that a simple response concerning presence or absence of the anxiety symptom was most relia

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In a retrospective study, 98 consecutive psychiatric referrals of mentally handicapped persons living in the community were examined. By far the commonest cause of referral was behaviour disturbance, followed by requests for disposal, placement or respite care. The referring agents were mostly general practitioners and social workers. Factors affecting the pattern of referral such as degree of mental retardation and life events are discussed.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A system is described by means of which the ambulant subject may be video‐filmed over several hours with the electroencephalograph superimposed on the same tape, allowing correlations to be observed in the active state. Our first subjects have been girts with Rett syndrome. Requirements are: one portable video camera/recorder, a conventional e.e.g. machine, the ‘Medilog 9000’ system for prolonged ambulatory recording (Oxford Medical), a specialized video mixer (videogram For AFVG600, commercially available) a video timer, a conventional video casette recorder and a television monitor. The cost is small for a department already equipped to carry out ordinary ambulatory e.e.g. monitoring. The method is safe, well tolerated, simple to use and adaptable. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, they are the first to use this system and they believe that it should find wider application when it is desirable to correlate the behaviour of a subject with physiological parameters, on a restricted

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Allanto‐axial instability has been a cause for concern amongst those with Down's syndrome who take pan in ‘high risk’ sports. The authors recommend radiological screening of people with Down's syndrome to help identify those with unstable and symptomatic Atlanto‐axial joints and suggest advice on man

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Basal Ganglia and Behaviour: Sensory Aspects of Motor Functioning. Edited by J. S. SCHNEIDER and T. I. LIDSKYDynamic Assessment: An Interactional Approach to Evaluating Learning Potential. By CAROL SCHNEIDER LIDZChanging Relations: Shared Action Planning with People with a Mental Handicap. By ANN BRECHIN and JOHN SWAINNeuropsychology of Alcoholism: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment. Edited by OSCAR A. PARSONS, NELSON BUTTERS and PETER E. NATHAN

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1988.tb01445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY