摘要:

ABSTRACT.A longitudinal study was conducted to determine the ability of the Uzgiris and Hunt scales to predict adaptive behaviour including, but not limited to, language. The Uzgiris and Hunt scales, six of the ABS domains and the Receptive‐Expressive Emergeni Language (REEL) scale were administered to 61 children who were severely or profoundly mentally retarded. The ABS domains and the REEL were readministered 4 years later. The findings generally supported earlier cross‐sectional research and thoery. However, this methodology permitted the finding that the earlier score on the ABS domain or REEL was by far the best single predictor of the later score on that same measure, an intuitively obvious, but nevertheless, important finding. The findings were interpreted regarding their implications for theory, practice and methodol

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This study compared interactions between the staff and residents living in hospital wards and in community‐based hostels. Twenty‐four people with moderate to severe learning difficulties participated in this study. Interactions were categorized according to who was the initiator and recipient, their purpose, attitude of the recipient, duration, and place. It was found that the hospital and hotel residents had virtually no interactions with people outwith the establishment in which they lived. The hostel appeared to offer the residents a sociable environment with more interpersonal interactions and more positive attitudes towards the interactants than the hospital. Interactions in both kinds of setting were very short, thus giving residents little chance to develop communicative skills. It is suggested that a more personal approach, such as joint activities between residents and staff, and living in small groups in ordinary housing, should be the first priorities in the effort to improve the pattern of social interactions of people with moderate to severe learning difficult

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This study examined the relationship between the level of supervision provided at the community residences of 61 adults with mental retardation and their sense of independence and satisfaction in specific aspects of home life, work and community activity. Responses given to interview questions were transformed into scores for independence and satisfaction for each subject. In order to compare the relationship of supervision at home, an individual's intellectual functional ability, and his social support to independence and satisfaction, non‐parametric analyses of the data were performed. These revealed statistically significant inverse relationships between the degree of home supervision and independence both at home and within the community, and satisfaction at home. Greater functional ability was found not to be significantly related to any measures of independence or satisfaction. A high level of social support was correlated only with overall measures of community independence, satisfaction at home, and community satisfactio

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The problem of whether to improve on the physical appearance of children with Down's syndrome by means of plastic surgery is a much debated question which involves bio‐ethical and ideological concepts. In this research, the opinions of a group (n=132) of Italian elementary and junior school teachers are investigated on the basis of a questionnaire. Data are analysed through the application of log‐linear models, and parameter estimates are calculated for each response category and interactions between response categories and types of teachers. Results show a greater acceptance of children with Down's syndrome as they are by people who have daily experience of them and who can get to know them better from all points of view. On the other hand, plastic surgery for children with Down's syndrome is considered with more favour by people who are less psychologically involved with t

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The manipulation of the natural antecedents of a task offers a potentially valuable alternative to teaching strategies requiring the presentation of additional prompting stimuli, particularly in work with individuals with severe learning difficulties. The utility of procedures involving the enhancement of natural antecedents has frequently been demonstrated, but this has generally been with respect to tasks of limited ecological validity. This study reports an attempt to teach coat‐buttoning skills to two women with severe learning difficulties using an antecedent enhancement procedure. Manipulation of the natural antecedents of coat buttoning produced swift acquisition of the required component responses in both subjects. Further, these skills generalized successfully across both materials (other coats) and time (6‐month follow‐up). Such antecedent enhancement procedures may be of particular value to ihe extent that they offer a consistent means of presenting subtle, interactive interventions without requiring advanced teaching skills on the part of

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Self‐report measures of anger, depression and self‐concept that were designed for non‐retarded children were adapted for adults with mental retardation. The measures were administered to 130 adults with mental retardation who lived in the community. Informants rated the subjects on shortened forms of the three emotional indices. Informant self‐concept ratings were negatively correlated with ratings of anger and depression. On the self‐report measures, subjects who reported low self‐concept also reported high levels of depression. Mildly mentally retarded subjects were more likely to report anger than severe/moderately retarded subjects. Informant and self‐report measures were significantly correlated for self‐concept and depression, but not for anger. The results provide preliminary normative data on indices of emotional adjustment for community‐based adults with m

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.At two time points, separated by an interval of 7 years, the level of diurnal bladder control of 198 severely and profoundly mentally handicapped individuals was assessed. A slight, but statistically significant increase of bladder control between the two time points was found. Difference scores of level of control were submitted to an ANOVA. Age at admission and duration of institutionalization proved to be related to individuals' level of diurnal bladder control. The results were discussed in relation to the use of toilet training procedures with mentally handicapped individuals.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.If phenylketonuria is untreated in infancy, it causes irreversible brain damage. No dietary treatment can alter this brain damage. However, it has been shown that dietary treatment can reduce behaviour disturbances often associated with the condition. In this study, a subject's behaviour was monitored over 18 weeks while on a low phenylalanine diet. Results demonstrate a significant reduction in the level of her disturbed behaviour.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this articles:A Parent's Guide to Down Syndrome: Toward a Brighter Future. By SiegfriedM. Puescheland itivited contributorsChildren with Special Needs: Assessment, Law and Practice—Caught in the Act. By H. Chastyand J. FrielThe Treatment of Severe Behavior Disorders. Edited by EnnioCipianiAugmentative and Alternative Communication Systems for Persons with Moderate and Severe Disabilities. By DianeBaumgart, JeanneJohnsonand EdwinHelmstetterIssues in the Developmental Approach to Mental Retardation. Edited by RobertM. Hodapp, JacobA. Burackand EdwardZiglerFits and Faints. By J.B.P. StephensonBefore their Time: Fetuses and Infants at Risk. By LibbyG. Coh

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00495.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00496.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY