摘要:

AbstractTo define the intellectual characteristics of a population of older people (50+ years) with severe intellectual impairment who were the focus of a wider demographic study, participants were assessed on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K‐ABC). Test material was modified to make it age‐appropriate and culturally suitable. Of the 122 people in the population [chronological age (CA) = 63·5 years; range 50–90 years], 61 were successfully tested on the K‐ABC (CA = 60·9 years; range 51–81 years). Factor analysis closely replicated the factorial structure demonstrated for younger children. Separate Sequential and Simultaneous Mental Processing factors were identified, with subtests from the Achievement Scale loading on these factors and not constituting a separate factor. Application of hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed the factor structures. Inferences in relation to cognitive development from a Piagetian perspective are drawn, and the utility of information on mental processing for educational intervention with older persons with severe intellectual impairme

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00497.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study is described in which 50 residents of a hospital for people with leaming difficulties were assessed immediately before and i year after moving into two types of community provision; purpose‐built campuses or small homes in residential streets. Measures were taken of residents’ adaptive and unwanted behaviours and of aspects of their lifestyles. The results report the changes in these measures that were found for both campus and small home reside

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00498.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a scale for assessing clitiicians’ communication with people with profound learning disability. Four psychiatrists and four nurses were assessed completing three simple non‐invasive clinical procedures—blood pressure, pulse and axillary temperature—with people with profound learning disability. Videotaped assessmetit of consultations was performed by three experienced speech and language therapists using a previously designed scale for analysing encounters with people with mild learning disability. This led to the production of a new scale specifically for people with profound learning disability. A significant inter‐rater reliability was found between the three speech therapists for total scores (rater a‐b, corr = 0·654,P= 0·006; rater a–c, corr = 0·795,P= 0·0001: rater b–c, corr = 0·673, P = 0·004). Significant reliability between raters was also found for the subsections of verbal behaviour and

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe inter‐rater and test‐retest reliabilities, and intemal consistencies of the Reiss Screen for Maladaptive Behavior (Reiss 1987) were evaluated on a random sample of adults with moderate through profound mental retardation living in an institutional setting. Generally, the Reiss Screen showed good inter‐rater reliability, modest to good test‐retest and good intemal consistency. This suggests that the Reiss Screen has moderate to good psychometric rob

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00500.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been previously suggested, in a small‐sized study of 60 people with Down's syndrome, that receptive language skills were lower, the older the individual, whereas expressive language skills did not correlate with age (Carter‐Young&Kramer 1991), By assessing language skills on 345 Down's syndrome adults living in Leicestershire (91% of the total population), the present authors have been able to confirm this finding, using the AAMD Adaptive Behaviour Scale. This may have clinical relevance with regard to communication with older people with Down's syndrome, and also for estimation of an individual's skill level when he or she was youn

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00501.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeven individuals with Down's syndrome and a past history of schizophrenia were matched for age, sex and residence to adults with Down's syndrome but no past psychiatric history. The AAMD Adaptive Behaviour Scale was completed for all individuals in both groups, at a mean follow‐up period of 6‐4 years after the schizophrenic episode. The skill level of the subject group was found to be the same as for the control group, which rejects the notion of a ‘defect state’ occurring post‐schizophrenia in Down's syndrome. The importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment for this group is

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00502.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe efficacy of treatments targeting stereotyped behaviours has been the focal point of several reviews. This study examined efficacy as a function of intra‐individual characteristics, including age, gender, level of disability and topography of the behaviour. A meta‐analysis of studies reporting treatments of stereotyped behaviours appearing in 23 journals over 20 years was conducted. Efficacy was determined using two metrics. Percentage Non‐overlapping Data and Percentage Zero Data, which indicate treatment success as a function of the degree to which the behaviour fell below baseline levels, and once reaching zero, remained there. Non‐parametric analyses indicated differences in treatment efficacy according to age and the form of the stereotypy. Implications for the design of treatments to address stereotypies are di

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00503.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSentence imitation performance was evaluated longitudinally in 26 adolescents and young adults with Down's syndrome (DS), and 26 age‐ and IQ‐matched non‐DS individuals with other causes of intellectual disability (ID). In each of three annual assessments, the DS group began sentence repetitions more slowly and imitated sentences less accurately than the ID group. DS sentence repetition accuracy was equivalent to the ID group only for two‐word sentences and was poorer for every other sentence length. Comparisons of sentence imitation and auditory digit span scores suggested that only ID subjects benefitted from the additional meaning and structure provided by sentences. Correlational analyses performed between each year's sentence imitation score and a set of language, memory and hearing measures revealed that sentence imitation was related to grammatical comprehension, auditory short‐term memory and IQ in both groups, and to expressive language ability, speed of spoken word processing, speech discrimination and acoustic reflexes in the DS group only. A significant relationship between sentence imitation and middle‐ear functioning was further supported by a categorical analysis in which DS subjects with bilateral abnormal tympanograms tended to perform more poorly on sentence imitation tasks than DS subjects with at least one normal tympanogram. It was concluded that sentence imitation is a task that is sensitive to the auditory‐perceptual, cognitive and expressive difficulties evidenced by indivi

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs a result of the increasing preoccupation with pre‐oedipal disturbances, psychoanalytic theory has had to expand its basis. Through this new interpretation, better possibilities for the explanation and treatment of the various forms of psychopathology associated with mental retardation emerge. In this connection, the notion of a ‘persisting developmental deficit’ plays an important role based on ego‐psychology which includes object‐relation theory and psychoanalytic developmental psychology. Four specific issues illustrate the significance of a psychoanalytically orientated approach, namely: (1) the transformation of organic brain deficits into mental disorders; (2) ‘secondary psychosocial deficit'; (3) the significance of the therapeutic relationship; and (4) re‐enactments as expression of a patholog

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor the study of the personality profile of youngsters with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS), a PWS group was compared with a matched group of youngsters attending regular school. The PWS group consisted of 28 youngsters (12 males and i6 females; mean age 11 years, 11 months). These youngsters were matched on gender and age level with 28 youngsters out of a group of 333 youngsters in regular school. Behaviour and personality characteristics of each youngster in both groups were described by both parents, using a Dutch version of the California Child Q‐set (CCQ; Block&Block 1980). The present authors compared the scores of both groups on eight personality dimensions, derived from the aggregated CCQ‐descriptions for fathers and mothers. The personality dimensions were Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, Openness, Motor Activity, Irritability and Dependency. The authors investigated further individual differences of PWS youngsters on the same eight CCQ personality dimensions, considering gender and age level as well as IQ level and the presence or absence of a I5qii‐qi3 deletion. The personality profile of PWS youngsters was markedly different from youngsters in regular school. Some personality characteristics were related to gender and IQ. The lower level of physical activity in PWS girls without 15911–913 deletion needs furt

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1995.tb00506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY