摘要:

ABSTRACT.The Birmingham Special Needs Register, a cumputerized database, was used to examine the disabilities of, and the use of psychoactive (psychotropic and anliepileptic) drugs among 1825 people over the age of 20 with mental retardation. People living in three different types of residential setting (hospitals, community residential facilities and family homes) were compared. The prevalence of physical disability, impaired communication and incontinence was highest among people resident in hospital, followed by those living with their families. People resident in community residential facilities were ihe least disabled group. Psychotropic drues prescribed to alter behaviour were used most frequently in hospitals (prescribed for 40.2% of people), followed by community residential (acuities (19.3%). Use was lowest in family homes (10.1%). Most hospital residents who received medication to alter behaviour did not have a diagnosed psychiatric disorder. The reported prevalence of behaviour disorders among the three populations was not significantly different. Drugs for epilepsy were prescribed for 26.2% of hospital residents, 9.3% of people in community residential facilities and 18.5% of people living with their families.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1990.tb01549.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The use of psychoactive medication was examined among 64 people with mental retardation who moved from two hospitals to the community as part of a plan of resettlement. There was no significant difference between the overall use of antipsychotic drugs 2 years before discharge, on the date of discharge and after at least 6 months (mean 25 months) of community living, although changes in drugs and doses prescribed had taken place. About 39% of people were receiving antipsychotics, 32% receiving antiepileptics, 7% receiving antidepressants and 8% receiving benzodiazepines.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1990.tb01550.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A questionnaire in the form of a bipolar rating scale was constructed using 26 personality attributes drawn from the literature on personality of children with Down's syndrome (DS). This was administered to nine groups of adults with differing levels of experience and contact with children with DS. Adults who had frequent contact proved to be significantly less likely to rate the personality of children with DS as stereotypical than those with little contact. The implications of acceptance of the stereotype are discussed in relation to integration and to development of the mother‐child relationshi

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1990.tb01551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A programme designed to train parents to teach their mentally retarded children age‐appropriate restaurant skills was developed and evaluated. After participating in a brief training programme, three mothers attempted to facilitate greater independence in their developmentally delayed children during meals at a fast‐food restaurant. The programme was evaluated by assessing the mothers' and children's performance in restaurants using a multiple‐probe design. The results indicated that the parents' teaching interactions were influenced by the training programme and that their children's restaurant skills were enhanced. The results were discussed in the context of the normalization principle and deinstitutionalization mov

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1990.tb01552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.An ophthalmological study was conducted on a series of 28 Swedish children suffering from mild mental retardation without an obvious aetiological diagnosis. The eye examination supported a diagnosis of foetal alcohol syndrome in five out of six suspected cases and revealed two additional not previously suspected (25%), Eye anomalies were observed in 16 patients (57%) with fundus abnormalities (optic nerve hypoplasia, retinal dystrophy) being most frequent, occurring in 11 cases (39%). Four patients had substantially reduced visual acuity in both eyes. Eight children had abnormal features of the face and outer eye region. Ocular motility disturbances (strabismus or nystagmus) were seen in five patients. The ophthalmological study disclosed that at least 10% of this group of children with mild mental retardation suffered from the foetal alcohol syndrome. Il is concluded lhat, in children with mental retardation, an ocular examination is a valuable diagnostic tool for revealing prenatal origin.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1990.tb01553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Eight adult male stutterers with Down's syndrome (DS) were compared with a matched group of fluent speakers with DS on verbal and manual motor production tasks at two levels of complexity. The simpler tasks involved diadochokinetic rate (syllable repetition) and finger tapping; the more complex tasks involved the imitation of sentences and placing pegs in the grooved pegboard. On both verbal and manual tasks, stutterers were faster on the simpler but slower on the more complex tasks than were the fluent speakers. The findings suggest that stutterers with DS have a different motor organization than fluent speakers with DS.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1990.tb01554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The case of a mildly handicapped man who inhaled a drawing pin is described. Early chest radiology is recommended in unexplained respiratory symptoms in mental handicap.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1990.tb01555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1990.tb01556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY