ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00528.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Resident and staff activity was observed in two hospital‐based staffed houses for adults with severe or profound mental handicap, and seriously challenging behaviours. The results indicated that: (1) staffing resources were inefficiently deployed, leading to low levels of support being provided to service users; (2) staff attention was inequitably distributed across users, individuals showing the highest levels of seriously challenging behaviours received disproportionately more staff attention; (3) users spent little of the time they were observed engaged in constructive activities. Comparisons with data collected previously on four of the users in institutional settings indicated that: (4) no overall changes occurred in either user panicipation in constructive activities or (5) duration of challenging behaviours; and (6) overall, more staff contact was provided in the specialized housing projects compared to previous institutional settings. The results are discussed in terms of the determinants of quality in residential provision for people with seriously challenging behaviou

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00529.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The postural stability of four adult populations was examined through force platform methods. The four groups were classified as: (1) developmentally disabled (severely and profoundly mentally retarded) with tardive dyskinesia; (2) developmentally disabled but with no history of neuroleptic medication; (3) tardive dyskinetic but of normal intelligence; and (4) a normal and healthy control group. Postural conditions included standing still with arms at side, standing still with one arm or both arms parallel to the ground, and standing still while swinging both arms in the sagittal plane. The findings showed that both tardive dyskinetic and/or developmentally disabled groups exhibited greater sway and variability in centre of pressure motion in contrast to the control group. The developmental disabled with tardive dyskinesia group also exhibited a strong tendency to produce a different form to the postural sway strategy in that they produced rhythmical centre of pressure motions during stance that were, to some degree, task dependent. The findings show that the combined effects of developmental disability and tardive dyskinesia produce qualitatively and quantitatively different features in postural stability panems. The data suggest that postural stability measures may be a useful index to assess tardive dyskinesia.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00530.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The impact of maturation factors and Auctioning level on the relationship between disabled and non‐disabled siblings was examined. Two groups of adults, distinguished by level of functioning of their mentally retarded sibling, completed a Schaefer Sibling Behavior Inventory (SBI) and participated in a semi‐structured interview. The latter explored a number of dimensions of the relationship including degree of warmth, contact and involvement. Judgements about involvement and comfort as remembered from the past and judgements about the present were obtained to derive hypotheses about possible changes with time. Data from the SBI indicated that significantly more competent siblings tended to be involved in relationships with a higher degree of reciprocity. In contrast, measures of attitude derived from interview data did not appear to relate to the functioning level of the sibling in any systematic manner. The results suggest that level of discomfort with peers may decrease significantly over the years with neither level of functioning nor gender being important variables. The extent to which non‐disabled individuals expressed a preparedness to participate in the life of their disabled sibling may relate to the life‐stage of the two. Males in particular anticipated increased future involvement. Although higher‐functioning siblings were described as more active in the relationship, this did not appear to influence perceived positiveness of regard. The implications of these results are discusse

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00531.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The value of a standardized hetero‐anamnestic questionnaire, the Dementia Questionnaire for Mentally Retarded Persons (DMR), as a screening instrument for diagnosis of early dementia, has been evaluated during a longitudinal follow‐up of 139 institutionalized ageing mentally retarded subjects. By means of decision analysis, provisional criteria have been derived for a diagnosis, based on absolute DMR scores and on scorechanges through time. For different intellectual levels, separate criteria are required for interpretation of absolute scores, but longitudinal scorechanges might be independent of the intellectual level. The DMR was only evaluated for the mildly and moderately retarded intelligence categories, because of the small number of dementing persons among the severely and profoundly retarded subjects. Causes of felsepositivity and false‐negativity are consi

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00532.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Psychiatric and behavioural disorders were found to be relatively common in a sample of 318 individuals vrith a mental handicap living in the community. Many of those referred for psychiatric assessment had other nonpsychiatric problems. The presence of these other needs has been recognized, and has led to the emergence of a distinct group of professionals, therapists and support staff with whom psychiatrists need to haise to devise an adequate and effective care plan. TTiis study also highlights the need for the development of a methodology for assessing psychiatric disorders in people with a mental handicap.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00533.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.To find out the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the mentally handicapped, 183 subjects living in the community were studied; 58 of whom had Down's syndrome. It was found that 70–58% of males and 95–83% of females with Down's syndrome, and 49–29% males and 62–96% females from other mentally handicapped subjects, were categorized as overweight and obese, compared with 40% of males and 32% females in that category from normal pop

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00534.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This study was designed to investigate whether the observed decreased prevalence of coronary artery disease in individuals with Down's syndrome may be explained by their serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles. Twentyseven persons with Down's syndrome and 23 non‐afiFected control individuals were enrolled in this study. Their fasting venous blood was analysed for total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDH cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apo B and apo AI. The results revealed no significant differences between the study and control group with regard to total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apo B and the apo B:apo AI ratio. However, triglyceride levels were significantly increased, and serum HDL cholesterol, apo AI and HDL cholesterohtotal cholesterol ratio were significantly decreased in patients with Down's syndrome when compared with the control group. The latter observations are all associated with an increased risk for coronary artery disease. Therefore, it is concluded that the decreased prevalence of coronary artery disease in individuals with Down's syndrome carmot be explained by the lipid and lipoprotein levels observed in this study populatio

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00535.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A fatal case of ischaemic colitis in a mentally handicapped man is presented, the possible aetiological role of long‐term neuroleptic use is discussed and the previous literature on this subject is reviewe

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00536.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.A case of recurrent neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) occuring in a 29‐year‐old man with mild mental handicap and a superadded psychotic disorder is described. The case illustrates a number of unusual features such as recurrent episodes and resolution with administration of intravenous Procyclidine. The possibility of NMS occuring in people with mental handicap, who have a high level of neuroleptic drug prescription, must be borne in m

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1992.tb00537.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY