摘要:

ABSTRACT.Clinical and laboratory endocrine variables in 29 adult institutionalized patients with Down's syndrome were compared with those of matched controls consisting of other mentally retarded patients from the same institution. Of the clinical variables, testes volume and body height were significantly lower in patients with Down's syndrome than in control patients. The thyroid function tests documented a higher average TSH level in Down's syndrome than in other mentally retarded patients. However, there was no clear‐cut correlation between TSH and thyroid hormone levels. The data indicate that there is a tendency towards primary thyroid dysfunction in Down's syndrome. In addition, there is some evidence indicating a relative failure of TSH secretion. In male patients, estradiol was elevated compared to controls. FSH and LH also seemed slightly higher in the study group, but the differences only reached statistical significance when patients on chronic medication were omitted. Prolactin was significantly greater in the Down's syndrome patients than in the controls, both over the entire sample and in the subgroup of men with Down's syndrome, withP‐values of around 0.001. The elevation of prolactin was not due to medication and did not correlate to thyroid function or difficulties during blood sampling. In females, the difference was not statistically significant. Laboratory tests that may be associated with endocrine disease or might indicate disease which could influence the endocrine status, were also included in this study. Compared with the controls, ESR, creatinine and uric acid levels were higher in Down's syndrome patients, while albumin was lower, all with P‐values lower than 0.001. Vitamin B12was moderately lower in Down's syndrome patients than in controls (P<

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.This communication presents the ocular findings in 30 patients with Down's syndrome residing in a central institution for the mentally retarded. The findings have been compared to those in matched controls consisting of mentally retarded people from the same institution. The ocular status in patients with Down's syndrome has been extensively studied previously, and to a large extent, findings in previous materials were confirmed. However, in this institution, which consisted of adult patients only, some unusual findings have also been made: nine of the 30 patients had keratoconus, which is a remarkably high figure. A compilation of data shows that only one of the patients with Down's syndrome had nearly normal ocular status.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.In a Norwegian institution for the mentally retarded, 29 adults with chromosomally verified Down's syndrome were compared to other mentally retarded patients with respect to serum somatomedin C (SmC) (insulin‐like growth factor 1 [IGF‐1]). Contrary to what has been observed in children, no shortage of SmC could be demonstrated in the adults with Down's syndrome. The results were within the normal range, and there was no difference between those with Down's syndrome and the other mentally retarded patients. Human growth hormone (HGH) and body height were studied in a previous work. Some correlations with these data are, nevertheless, included herein because they are of relevance. SmC correlated with body height in Down's syndrome, while there was no correlation between SmC and HGH or between HGH and body hei

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Item memory and memory for spatial location were examined in college students, mildly retarded persons and moderately retarded persons. They performed under semantic or nonsemantic encoding instructions to remember pictures presented in a large book. Recall and relocation (unexpected) tests followed immediately after studying the pictures and, again, 24 h later. Mildly retarded persons were deficient in memory for items (effortful processing), but not in memory for location (automatic processing). Moderately retarded persons were deficient in both types of memory. Additionally, there were IQ‐related differences in the long‐term memory of location information, as well as item information. Location memory, as opposed to item memory, was shown to be (1) sensitive to encoding instruction, (2) insensitive to differences in intelligence, and (3) more sensitive to long‐term forgetfu

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.The effects of external (environmental) and internal (cognitive) selfinfluences of self‐regulatory behaviour were investigated in 60 mildly mentally retarded adults. External conditions were three demand conditions (stringent, variable, and lenient). The‘internal’variable was an individual differences one, motivational orientation: one‐half of the subjects were relatively intrinsically motivated and the other half were relatively exrrinsically motivated. Both external and internal self‐influences affected performance on a motor/attention task. Subjects in the stringent‐demand condition worked harder, set higher performance standards and arranged leaner schedules of self‐reinforcement than did subjects in the lenient demand condition. Intrinsically motivated subjects worked harder, set higher performance standards, and arranged leaner schedules of self‐reinforcement than did extrinsically motivated subjects over all demand conditions. Furthermore, intrinsically motivated subjects chose higher performance standards than had been demonstrated to them in the lenient‐demand condition, and also arranged leaner schedules of self reinforcement over all demand conditions than had been demonstrated to them, compared to extrinsically motivated subjects. Internal self‐system characteristics appear to interact reciprocally with external demand characteristics to reveal substantial individual differences in patterns of se

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Pharmacokinetic properties and efficacy of a conventional (C) carbamazepine (CBZ) prepararion divided into three daily doses and a slow‐release CBZ preparation (SR) divided into two daily doses were evaluated in a randomized, doubleblind, cross‐over study. The trial started with a 8‐week baseline period followed by the two treatment periods each 10 weeks long. At the end of each period, a 24‐h blood sample series for determination of serum CBZ and carbamazepine‐10,11‐epoxide (CBZE] was collected. The occurrence of seizures was monitored day and night during the whole study period by experienced nurses. The mean age of the 20 evaluable patients was 24.9 and the duration of epilepsy 19.2 and carbamazepine treatment 7.0 years. The bioavailability of CBZ from the two preparations was similar. The mean fluctuation of serum CBZ concentration (Cmax‐Cmin/CSS) was 16% smaller during SR. The mean serum CBZ concentration in the morning samples was significantly (P<0.001) higher during SR treatment. The mean total number of seizures was approximately four per week and did not differ between the two treatments, but during the last 2 weeks of the study period the occurrence of seizures was significantly smaller durin

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Chromosome analyses were performed un 52 mildly mentally retarded adults and a control group representing the non‐retarded population. Chromosomal aberrations were found in 19.2% of the mentally retarded and in 1.9% of the controls. The aberrations in the retarded group consisted of trisomy 21, fragile‐X, sex‐chromosome aberrations and balanced translocations. The Index group included a man with a fragile site Xp22.1. The aberration in the control group consisted of a karyotype with an extra marker chrom

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Sudden‐onset, unprovoked aggression has typically been difficult to reduce or eliminate in persons with mental handicaps or dementia. Several medications have been reported in the literature with varying success, though some risk serious side effects. This study tested the effectiveness of a low dose antidepressant (trazodone) with a serotonin‐enhancing diet to reduce aggression while not risking serious side effects. Aggression decreased by 96% in a mentally handicapped adult with Down's syndrome showing signs of Alzheimer‐type dementia. The benefit was robustly demonstrated using an on‐off‐on‐again design wtih detailed recording for near

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACT.Two patients, a boy and a girl, with growth delay, mental retardation and mild dysmorphism due to ade novoterminal 10q deletion are described. A recognizable facial appearance with a prominent nose and dysplastic ears was present. Specific attention is given to the developmental and behavioural data of the children. A review is made of the psychologic data of the 18 earlier reported surviving cases.

ISSN:0964-2633    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2788.1991.tb01059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY