摘要:

AbstractBenign breast disease is associated with increased risk of subsequent breast cancer, especially when there is evidence of epithelial proliferation. There is no standard terminology for benign proliferative epithelial disorders (BPED), and this hinders direct comparisons between the various studies which have examined their pathology and their relationship to breast cancer. The present paper reviews previous classification schemes for BPED, and proposes an alternative system in which epitheliosis and blunt duct adenosis are the major features, the degree and pattern of the hyperplasias being graded separately. Adoption of this or a similar system as a standard should facilitate future comparative studies of these conditions. As BPED are apparently pre‐malignant conditions, an understanding of their aetiology is important because it may help to elucidate the aetiology of breast carcinoma, and to open up avenues for its prevention. If BPED are precursors to breast carcinoma, then risk factors for BPED should also be risk factors for breast carcinoma. To date, in epidemiological studies of BPED, such concordance has not been demonstrated, as consistent risk factors for the BPED have not yet emerged. This may have resulted, at least in part, from differences in the histological categories included in the various studies. Therefore, collaboration between epidemiologists and pathologists may facilitate progress towards an understanding of BPE

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711460102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree hundred and ninety‐one cases of primary pancreatic tumours, excluding endocrine tumours, were studied histologically. Carcinoma of the exocrine pancreas formed the largest group (98·5 per cent), benign tumours (1·25 per cent) and other malignant tumours (0·25 per cent) formed the remainder. Ductal adenocarcinoma was the commonest type and was divided into four sub‐types, papillary, well, moderately and poorly differentiated duct adenocarcinoma. The moderately and poorly differentiated tumours were the commonest types. Papillary carcinoma was separated from the well differentiated tumours by its different morphological appearances and was found to exhibit different behaviour. Other special morphological types of pancreatic carcinoma, pleomorphic, mucinous, adenosquamous, acinar, microadenocarcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma and oncocytic carcinoma were also represented. Benign microcystadenomata (four cases) were considered because of their interesting morphological features and their significance in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma. Based on the morphology and behaviour of these 391 tumours, the classification of pancreatic carcinoma is discussed and some rare types are compared with previously reported cases and dis

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711460103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmunohistochemical techniques have been used to demonstrate Factor VIII related antigen (FVIIIRA) in endothelial cells and to study a variety of tumours including Kaposi's sarcoma. Conflicting reports on the presence of this antigen within the spindle cells of Kaposi's sarcoma have been made. These differences may be due to variations in techniques, in the immunoreagents used and in the method of fixation and handling of the specimen. A major factor may also be the lack of a uniform interpretation of positive peroxidase labelling. This study was confined to paraffin‐embedded tissues and compared the results and distribution of FVIIIRA labelling in Kaposi's sarcoma using two commercially available polyclonal antibodies and three monoclonal antibodies. The effects of predigesting the sections with trypsin and protease were also evaluated. Positive labelling of tumour spindle cells was accepted only when it matched that seen in labelled endothelial cells. The polyclonal antibodies provided satisfactory localization of FVIIIRA and gave positive results more frequently than the monoclonal antibodies both with and without enzyme digestion. Endothelial labelling was evident in vessels both within and around the tumour but none was seen in the tumour spindle cells. Most previous studies gave no definition of positive labelling but spindle cells were reported as labelled. However, in those few reports where a definition was given the findings are analogous to those in this report, demonstrating the importance of defining positive labellin

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711460104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhen a segment of small intestine is transplanted to the external abdominal wall in rats adaptive changes occur in the exposed mucosa. These probably represent an extreme example of a physiological response to one type of trophic influence—the effect of mechanical trauma. The nature of the changes has been studied at 7 weeks after externalization using simple morphometry and a number of cytokinetic techniques (thymidine labelling, vincristine‐induced metaphase arrest and the fraction‐of‐labelled‐mitoses method), and comparisons drawn with the normal ileum. The exteriorized mucosa showed marked villus atrophy and hyperplasia of the crypts to three times normal size as a result of increases both in crypt length and crypt circumference. Neither metaplastic nor dysplastic epithelial abnormalities were observed. Crypt‐cell production rate doubled in the hyperplastic crypts due to an increase in the size of the proliferation zone within the crypt, and the distribution of proliferating cells within the crypt changed. But cell cycle times were prolonged and more maturing cells were retained in the hyperplastic crypts. The potential usefulness of this model, particularly in carcinogenicity studies is

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711460105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo date the British Salivary Gland Tumour Panel has accumulated 2569 salivary gland tumours. Of these, 2410 were primary epithelial salivary gland tumours and these formed the basis of the present study. The diagnosis of individual tumours was based on the World Health Organisation classification. Tumours were analysed according to histological type, site, age and sex. The principal site was the parotid and the combined minor (oropharyngeal) glands formed the second largest group. Pleomorphic adenomas formed the largest group of tumours in most sites, but were particularly common in the parotid. The frequency of malignant tumours increased with age after the third decade and was maximal in the eighth decade. Malignant tumours were more common in the submandibular and the minor glands than in the parotid. In the sublingual gland six out of seven tumours were malignant.

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711460106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractContinuous exposure of adult male Wistar albino rats to a barometric pressure of 380 mm Hg (equivalent to an altitude of 5500 m) for 28 days causes a marked increase in adrenal gland weight due to hyperplasia of both adrenal cortex and medulla. The size of the cortical and medullary components of the gland relative to each other is unaffected; in both hypoxic and control animals the cortex occupies approximately 85 per cent of the overall volume of the gland. Cortical hyperplasia is consistent with the elevated levels of ACTH which have previously been shown to occur during hypoxia. Medullary hyperplasia under such conditions presumably reflects a continuing increased requirement for catecholamines in an hypoxic environment. The morphology of these adrenal medullae bears a striking structural resemblance to some phaeochromocytomata. Adrenal medullary hyperplasia does not appear to have been described previously under such conditions and may be an important effect of prolonged severe hypoxia.

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711460107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrimary pancreatic carcinomas were studied histologically and histochemically, to assess the frequency of ductal hyperplasia in tissue adjacent to malignant neoplasms. Hyperplasia was divided into four types: simple, papillary, atypical and ductular, affecting large, medium and small ducts (ductules). All types of hyperplasia were frequently seen in areas adjacent to carcinomas, including ductal, pleomorphic, mucinous, adenosquamous, small and spindle cell and cystadenocarcinomas. In contrast, acinar cell carcinoma and microadenocarcinoma were less frequently associated with ductal hyperplasia. Mucin histochemistry revealed differences in types of mucin between the normal ducts and hyperplastic pancreatic ducts and carcinomas. The former group contained small amounts of sulphated mucin while the latter showed a marked increase in neutral and sialomucins. Our study also suggests that both papillary and atypical hyperplasia are precancerous lesions, supporting an hypothesis of ductal origin of pancreatic carcinomas.

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711460108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711460101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY