ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711590402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711590403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGastric antral endoscopic pinch biopsies from a group of dyspeptic patients were analysed for acute and chronic inflammatory cell numbers in the lamina propria and surface epithelial layer using computer‐linked graphic tablet planimetry, and independently graded for Campylobacter pylori (CP) infection using a visual scoring system with grade 1 assessed as patchy epithelial infection and grade 2 as a continuous layer of organisms on the mucosal surface extending into gastric pits. The study group consisted of 36 patients (18 duodenitis; 18 non‐ulcer dyspepsia). Within the 140 biopsies analysed, grade 1 and 2 biopsies had significantly higher acute and chronic inflammatory cell counts than CP‐negative biopsies (grade 0) in lamina and surface epithelium (P<0·001). Acute inflammatory cell counts were significantly higher in the surface epithelium in grade 1 (P<0·05) and grade 2 biopsies (P<0·001) but chronic inflammatory cells were only higher in grade 1 (P<0·01). No significant differences were present between grade 1 and grade 2 biopsies for any parameter. This study confirms that highly significant quantitative differences in the inflammatory status are related to the prese

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711590404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe nerves lying within 300 μm of the basement membrane were studied in the named bronchi of five normal subjects and nine patients with chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD), using S‐100 protein as a marker. Two types of change were found. Firstly, there was patchy proliferation of fine nerve twigs, associated with focal increase in fibroelastic tissue. This proliferation was present to a minor degree in two normal subjects, and to a much greater extent in all patients with COAD. The second type of change was most marked in the main and lobar bronchi of the patients with COAD and cor pulmonale, and consisted of enlargement of nerves to a maximum of 150 μm in diameter. The overall mean nerve diameter in these latter patients was 22·3 μm, significantly greater than the mean diameter, 15·8 μm, in the normal subjects (P

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711590405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA series of over 400 well‐documented biopsies of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis was evaluated to elucidate the histological processes associated with the elimination of parasites, and their correlation with the course of the disease. Non‐specific inflammation was the most frequent and least effective response; its onset might be delayed, and in this event particularly the incidence of metastasis from skin to mucosa was high. Lysis of parasite‐laden macrophages appeared to be the basic mechanism of parasite reduction, even when it was not overt. When it was acute the onset was usually rapid, and though it resulted in much tissue destruction the prognosis was generally better and mucosal metastasis rare. Lysis and non‐specific inflammation both led to the formation of a post‐necrotic type of granuloma, but reversion of the process was almost as common as progression. Ultimately a tuberculoid granuloma evolved and proceeded to resolution. In about 5 per cent of cases, macrophage activation appeared to bring about early resolution; neither reversion nor mucosal metastasis

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711590406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey of 58 gingival biopsies revealed the presence of periodontal high endothelial‐like venules (PHELVs) in chronically inflamed gingival tissues. PHELVs were found to exchange polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) almost exclusively in advanced periodontitis, with PMNs greatly exceeding the number of mononuclear cells found in PHELVs (P<0·001). Electron microscopy confirmed the emigration of PMNs from these vessels. The enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural features as well as the35SO4uptake properties of PHELVs were similar to those of the well‐characterized high endothelial venules (HEVs) of rat lymph nodes. It is generally accepted that HEVs in lymphoid tissues and inflammatory sites are specially adapted to assist in the emigration of lymphocytes. However, the observation of preferential PMN emigration in the apparent absence of lymphocyte exchange from PHELVs compels further investigation of other possible functions for HEVs. In relation to this, endothelial cells are capable of producing potent cytokines and inflammatory mediators which may contribute to the development of lesions, and the possibility is discussed that high endothelial cells are functionally adapted to enhance the production of such fac

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711590407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe long saphenous vein is frequently used as a graft in both coronary artery and femoro‐distal bypass surgery. The histological changes which are seen after implantation into the arterial system have been well documented in the past, but little attention has been focused on the histological appearances of the donor long saphenous vein prior to grafting. In this study, samples of the long saphenous vein in excess of that required for bypass have been examined.In none of the veins did the histological appearances conform to the described normal. All showed evidence of intimal fibrosis which contained elastic tissue and enmeshed smooth muscle cells. The longitudinal and circular muscle layers showed evidence of muscle cell hypertrophy with increase in intervening connective tissue. Elsewhere, similar histological changes have been attributed to ‘arterialization’. This study shows that many of the changes are present prior to grafting and may be important in graft fa

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711590408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a study of tuberculin skin tests in 216 consecutive untreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients, one showed central necrosis at 48 h: there was no effective blood flow at the centre of this lesion, but the periphery was markedly hyperaemic. Many dermal capillaries and venules contained deposits of fibrin, but none was occluded completely: the surviving cells in the dermal infiltrate were almost all macrophages.Five patients with strongly positive reactions at 48 h showed slower blood flow at the centre of the reaction than at the periphery (central relative slowing, CRS), possibly indicating central ischaemia short of necrosis: no fibrin deposits were seen in the dermal vessels of these skin test sites. The cellular infiltrate in the dermis was similar in distribution, but more abundant than that seen in uncomplicated positive reactions of comparable clinical size and with blood flow velocity maximal at the centre. At 48 h, lymphocytes were more numerous than macrophages in both groups, CD8 lymphocytes were more abundant in CRS reactions, but CD4 and CD25 (activated) T‐lymphocytes and macrophages had a similar density in both groups. Epidermal CD1 cells were less frequent in CRS reactions than in uncomplicated positive reactions. Although CRS reactions showed more intense inflammation than the uncomplicated controls, none of the histometric measurements correlated with the extent of CRS.Follow‐up studies showed that CRS reactions reverted to a normal hyperaemic blood flow pattern 5 days after antigen injection. Thus, relative ischaemia may arise temporarily in intense delayed hypersensitivity reactions during the early developing phase when compensatory hyperaemia is unable to match metabolic demand, but the tissue will survive for a few days provided the vessels are not occluded by fib

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711590409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDNA strand breaks produced by adriamycin (ADR) were measured in HeLa cells and ADR‐sensitive and ‐resistant P388 leukaemia cells, using thein situnick translation method. The break sites in the DNA were translated artificially in the presence ofEscherichia coliDNA polymerase I and3H‐labelled dTTP, and were visualized by autoradiographic observation of the grains. The DNA strand breaks in the HeLa cells increased in a dose‐dependent manner, compared with findings in the untreated control cells, i.e., 15·2 fold at 20 μg/ml of ADR for 1 h. This level correlated with DNA single‐strand breaks detected by the alkaline elution method. DNA breaks were also noted in the ADR‐sensitive P388 cells, but in the ADR‐resistant cells the level of DNA strand breaks was low. The enhanced cytotoxicity is apparently the consequence of the enhanced potential of ADR to cause breaks in the DNA strands.Our findings show that the survival response of the cells decreases and the level of DNA strand breaks increases following exposure to ADR. ADR resistance may be mediated by a reduction in the level of DN

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711590410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWithin the gut, intramuscular ricin poisoning results in major pathological changes. Immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy illustrate that these changes appear confined to the small intestine, the stomach and large intestine remaining virtually unaffected. These changes include apoptosis crypt and mucosal epithelial cells, hydropic change in enterocytes, infiltration of large numbers of plasma cells into the lamina propria, subsequent apoptosis of many of the plasma cells, and the appearance within the lamina propria of highly active macrophages.Of these changes, greatest significance is attached to the infiltration and apoptosis of large numbers of plasma cells. This is not a common pathological feature within the gastro‐intestinal tract, and may prove to be specifically diagnostic for ricin or a group of toxins having structurally similar characteristics.In this study, the toxin was administered by intramuscular injection and not orally; considering this mode of administration, damage to the small intestine was far more severe than might perhaps be expected. The intensity of cellular infiltration within the lamina propria is especially interesting, as it appears to be more analogous to a local immune response triggered by an oral toxin rather than one administered by an intramuscular rout

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711590411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY