摘要:

AbstractSeveral recent studies have confirmed the endocrine nature of small cell carcinoma of the lung. In extra‐pulmonary sites, small cell ‘undifferentiated’ carcinomas have classical morphological features similar to their pulmonary counterpart. We therefore investigated, using immunocytochemistry, the possibility that the non‐pulmonary neoplasms may also be endocrine in nature. Sections of 29 small cell carcinomas from oesophagus, stomach, larynx, colon and urinary bladder were immunostained using antisera to protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin, leucocyte common antigen and peptides including bombesin, the C‐flanking peptide of human probombesin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, neurotensin, calcitonin and pancreatic polypeptide. All the tumours showed immunoreactivity for at least one of the two general endocrine markers PGP 9.5 and NSE. Twenty‐three of the 29 cases were immunoreactive for PGP 9.5, 27 for NSE. All were positive for cytokeratin and negative for leucocyte common antigen. Of the regulatory peptides, immunoreactivity was obtained with antisera to bombesin (one case), the C‐flanking peptide of human pro‐bombesin (14 cases), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (one case) and calcitonin (three cases). No PGP 9.5‐, NSE‐or peptide‐like immunoreactivity was detected in 25 control tumours from similar sites, including lymphomas and poorly differentiated tumours. These results suggest that non‐pulmonary small cell carcinoma h

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711500302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt has been suggested that the immunocytochemical demonstration of the p21rasoncogene product is a useful marker of malignancy in breast disease1. We have studied the reactivity of a series of specimens of benign and malignant breast disease with the antirasp21 monoclonal antibody Y13‐259, and shown widespread positive staining in both benign and malignant (including metastatic) disease as well as in adjacent ‘normal’ epithelium. In addition some staining of stromal cells as well as nerve fibres was observed. Our results suggest that the presence ofrasp21 protein as demonstrated by this antibody is not a useful marker of malignancy or of proliferating epithelium but is rather a normal feature of certain cell

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711500303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe immunohistochemical demonstration of neurofilament (NF) polypeptide was used to identify nerves in a series of 17 pituitary adenomas. NF‐positive fibres were present in two out of five corticotroph adenomas sited deep in the anterior lobe, in one out of five sited in the intermediate zone and in two out of seven non‐corticotroph adenomas. Such nerve fibres were often seen in relation to blood vessels. The distribution of α‐MSH immunoreactive cells was examined in 25 normal pituitaries and in 23 cases of Cushing's disease. Such cells were scattered throughout the normal gland and there was no increase in numbers in pregnancy. α‐MSH was demonstrated in 18 corticotroph adenomas in Cushing's disease. There was no correlation with the site of the tumour or the presence of nerve fibres. α‐MSH cells were distributed normally in the para‐adenomatous gland. Crooke's hyaline change and α‐MSH coexisted in some corticotrophs. These findings support the concept that ‘intermediate lobe’ function, as found in animals, has no discrete anato

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711500304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA rare form of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast containing numerous benign stromal multinucleated giant cells (MNGC) is described. Giant cell tumours of the breast are usually the result of stromal metaplasia or fusion of malignant cells or occur as extraskeletal giant cell tumours. Benign multinucleated cells in breast carcinoma, however, are a very unusual phenomenon and have been said to arise from the fusion of mononuclear cells, in response to increased vascularity. The present investigation by light and electron microscopy, in part, supports an origin for the multinucleated giant cells from mononuclear cells, but immunohistochemistry surprisingly failed to confirm this observation. Also, the formation of the multinucleated giant cells did not show any direct relationship with tumour vascularity.

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711500305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSixty‐one breast carcinomas (54 infiltrating ductal carcinomas and seven infiltrating lobular carcinomas) were immunostained with anti‐NSE and analysed with respect to nuclear DNA content. Nine of the 23 NSE‐positive breast carcinomas were diploid, five were triploid, six tetraploid and three pentaploid. Twenty‐one of the 38 NSE‐negative tumours were diploid, 10 were triploid, seven tetraploid, and none were pentaploid. Three of the eight histologically grade 1 tumours in the NSE‐positive group were aneuploid, whereas all the six grade I tumours in the NSE‐negative group were diploid. The results show that a proportion of breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation are aneuploid and that aneuploid tumours that are grade I histologically are found in the NSE‐positive group and not in the NSE

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711500306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractKupffer cell phagocytic function is reduced in the prescence of obstructive jaundice. To investigate possible mechanisms we report a study of the rat liver in extrahepatic cholestasis, using light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, Immunohistochemistry was performed with monoclonal antibodies specific for rat Kupffer cells ED 1, ED 2 and ED 3 and monoclonal antibodies directed against class II antigens of the rat major histocompatability complex Ox 3 and Ox 6. Extrahepatic cholestasis was produced by bile duct ligation. In bile duct ligated animals light microscopy showed proliferation of bile ductules and an increase in sinusoidal cells. Immunohistochemistry with ED 1, ED 2 and ED 3 demonstrated a marked increase in the number of positive cells, but few of these cells were positive with Ox 3 and Ox 6, whereas the proliferating bile ductules were strongly positive. Electron microscopy revealed two homogenous granular substances within the sinusoidal lumen and loss of the space of Disse. Despite a reduction in Kupffer cell phagocytic function in obstructive jaundice there is an increase in Kupffer cells, but these cells appear to be in an inactivated state as few express class II antigens on their surface. Furthermore the granular substance within the space of Disse may interfere with function.

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711500307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe sequence of events in haematogenous metastasis from colonic carcinoma was analysed, using 1541 necropsy reports from 16 centres. The findings are consistent with the cascade hypothesis that metastases develop in discrete steps, first in the liver, next in the lungs and finally, in other sites. Deviations of necropsy findings from the cascade model are largely explained on the basis of false negative reports. In only 216 of 1194 cases was there suggestive evidence that metastatic patterns (excluding lymph nodes) were causally related to lymphatic or non‐haematogenous pathways.The incidence of metastatic involvement in ‘other’ (quaternary) sites correlated with target organ blood‐flow (ml min‐) per g, only when bone marrow and thyroid were excluded. In the thyroid the incidence was lower than expected on the basis of blood flow per g tissue; this may indicate that the thyroid is an unfavourable site for metastatic growth of colonic carcinoma. In the bone marrow it is higher; the latter may be due to delivery of cancer cells via both arterial blood and the vertebral venous plexus. Recognition of this pattern of metastases in the bone marrow could be important with respect of diagnosis and therapy, in patients with colonic

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711500308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwelve Large White pigs aged0.05) because endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) retained their fetal shape, position, overlap, interdigitation and the low surface/volume ratio characteristic of fetal life. In all older animals, the cells had a normal postnatal shape and surface/volume ratio. In the elastic vessels hypoxia did not prevent the normal postnatal reduction in mean SMC diameter of animals exposed from birth. SMC hypertrophy did not occur in any age group, but all animals save those first exposed at 14 days, showed an increase in SMC myofilament volume density (p<0.01). Connective tissue volume density also increased (p<0.01), mainly due to an increase in elastin and ground substance. Thus a short period of neonatal hypoxia impaired adaptation and appeared to potentiate contractile capacity in stiff‐walled arteries but elicited a less marked response from animals first exposed at 14 d

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711500309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing immunohistological techniques, the cellular composition of lymph nodes was assessed in 18 patients who had died 15 to 326 days after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukaemia. The lymph nodes showed reduced cellularity of the cortex and paracortex, dilated sinuses and no lymphoid follicles. The majority of leucocytes were T lymphocytes with an inversion of the normal T4:T8 ratio. No cells were detected expressing immature cortical thymocyte antigens, using NA1/34 and OKT10, but an excess of T11 (E rosette receptor)+cells over the sum of T4+, T8+and HNK1+cells raised the possibility of the presence of immature cells. B lymphocytes were extremely rare and present as clusters in only two patients. Despite this, plasma cells were prominent in many cases and their number increased with time post transplant. The predominant immunoglobulin heavy chain class was IgA in seven cases, IgG in three cases, IgM in two cases and IgE in one case with no relationship between dominant class and days post transplant. In patients with graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD), there was a significantly lower T4:T8 ratio but no increase in expression of lymphocyte activation markers. Pyknotic leucocytes were present in half of the cases with GvHD and none of the other cases. No differences were detected in patients who had received marrow purged with monoclonal antibodies (Campath‐I or UCHT1). Chimeric studies on three recipients of one haplotype matched marrow, using a monoclonal antibody specific for HLA‐A2 and A28 antigens, showed a significant influx of donor cells by 56 days but this did not appear to be an immediate prelude to full morphological reconst

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711500310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711500311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY