ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711770402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCell loss, perhaps as important as cell production in determining the size of an expanding cell population, has not usually been registered in quantitative cellular kinetic analyses of neoplastic disorders. The present retrospective study on various types and subtypes of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs;n=170) was designed to test the usefulness of a novel additional parameter, the ‘turnover index’ (TI), which is the sum per case of the mitotic index and the apoptotic index. Results document that TIs clearly distinguished between categories and subtypes of NHLs according to the Kiel classification. Cluster analysis of TIs plotted against the percentage of Ki‐67‐positive cells per case revealed that about one‐third of the high‐grade malignancy lymphomas actually belonged to the low‐turnover lymphomas. Overall survival was longer in the low‐ than in the high‐turnover group of lymphomas. Assessment of TIs can, for practical diagnostic purposes, be replaced by counting mitotic figures and apoptotic cells in several high‐power fields. The TI concept may help to interpret the kinetics of NHLs in terms of accumulation vs. p

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711770403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour hundred and fourteen cases of early gastric cancer (EGC), diagnosed between 1977 and 1993, were studied. The percentage of EGC increased from 1977 to 1984, but thereafter remained more or less stable, despite a continuous increase in the number of endoscopic examinations. Three hundred and ninety‐six patients were followed up. Twenty‐nine patients died from the tumour, giving a 5‐year survival rate of 82·8 per cent. The ‘large’ size type of EGC, the presence of submucosal penetration, and lymph‐node metastasis showed a highly significant association with a lower survival rate. A small number of patients died despite the presence of ‘favourable’ prognostic factors. Other still unknown factors may therefore be important in determining the aggressive behaviour

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711770404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) mRNA was examined in gastric carcinomas by immunohistochemistry andin situhybridization, respectively. In the 20 advanced carcinomas examined, bFGF was found in 14 (70·0 per cent) and was confined to the tumour cells, whereas FGFR mRNA was demonstrated in 12 (60·0 per cent) and seen in both tumour cells and endothelial cells. The bFGF and FGFR mRNA‐positive carcinomas were larger, were more frequently classified as undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, more frequently invaded the serosal layer, and had a higher rate of lymph node metastases than the bFGF and FGFR mRNA‐negative carcinomas. Patients with bFGF and FGFR mRNA‐positive carcinomas appear to die earlier than those with bFGF and FGFR mRNA‐negative tumours. The values for the carcinomas that were positive for either bFGF or FGFR mRNA fell between these two groups. The findings suggest that the autocrine/paracrine bFGF/FGFR channel is associated with undifferentiated gastric carcinomas and may lead to a poorer

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711770405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) encompasses a polymorphic family of cell membrane glycoproteins involved in the mechanism of tumour invasion and metastasis. Since non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) display very different rates of progression, a significant discrepancy in their CD44 expression profiles is to be expected. An immunohistochemical study was undertaken on the expression of standard CD44 (CD44s) and the variant isoforms containing the domains encoded by variant exon 3 (CD44v3) or variant exon 6 (CD44v6) in paraffin‐embedded bronchial biopsy specimens from 32 NSCLC cases and 11 SCLC cases. An absolute lack of immunoreactivity for CD44s, CD44v3, and CD44v6 was obtained in every case of SCLC, whereas 28 of the 32 NSCLC cases showed a positive immunoreaction for at least one of the three epitopes investigated. In conclusion, the occurrence of standard and variant CD44 isoforms in NSCLC and their absence in SCLC suggest the possibility that CD44 is in some way instrumental in conditioning the biological behaviour of NSCLC, but not of SCLC, whose metastatic cascade would be set in motion by the activation of hitherto unidentified, CD44‐independent pat

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711770406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSequential interaction of neoplastic cells with the endothelium of tumour neovasculature is believed to be a significant step in tumour metastasis. Increasing evidence suggests that inducible endothelial adhesion molecules are intimately involved in this process. An immunohistochemical approach was used to examine the expression of adhesion molecules in 14 normal controls and a series of 64 invasive breast carcinomas. Endothelium in normal breast showed constitutive expression of PECAM (100 per cent), ICAM‐2 (100 per cent), and P‐selectin (64 per cent); variable and focal expression of ICAM‐1 (71 per cent); and only weak staining for E‐selectin (21 per cent). No ICAM‐3 or VCAM‐1 expression was observed. Similarly to normal breast endothelium, widespread and intense immunoreactivity on the endothelium of tumour‐associated vessels was seen for PECAM (100 per cent), ICAM‐1 (69 per cent), and ICAM‐2 (95 per cent). In contrast to normal tissues, E‐ and P‐selectins showed increased intensity of staining (52 and 67 per cent of cases, respectively) and expression of E‐ and P‐selectins was more prominent at the tumour periphery. ICAM‐3 expression was increased on tumour endothelium (15 per cent of cases), but in common with VCAM‐1 (10 per cent) expression was focal. A previously unreported finding was the immunoreactivity of the neoplastic epithelial cells for the non‐epithelial lineage markers ICAM‐1 (34 per cent), ICAM‐3 (10·9 per cent), PECAM (1·6 per cent), and E‐ and P‐selectins (7 and 37 per cent of cases, respectively). These findings show that tumour endothelium displays significant heterogeneity and can assume a pro‐inflammatory phenotype, probably as a result of cytokine stimulation. Upregulation of adhesion molecules might contribute to changes in invasive phenotype by promoting endothelial cell adhesion and angiogenesis, as well as forming a substratum for tumou

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711770407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImage cytometrical measurements were performed on Feulgen‐stained cells from 329 stage I breast cancers (pT1pN0,M0,R0). For each patient, several DNA (ploidy, S‐phase fraction, exceeding rates, 2c deviation index, ploidy balance, entropy, and histogram typing), morphometric (area and radius of nuclei), and textural parameters (mainly co‐occurrence and run‐length) were calculated. The prognostic value of these parameters was investigated by multivariate Cox regression analysis, considering a distant recurrence‐free survival of 8 years as the prognostic criterion. In the multivariate analysis, one DNA parameter (histogram type) and two textural parameters (co‐occurrence and variation of the average heterochromatin area) were proven to have independent prognostic value. Using a linear combination of these variables, a prognostic factor was calculated for each individual patient. Patients were stratified using this factor into several groups according to their risk for distant recurrence. Thus, a low‐risk group of stage I patients was identified, remaining distant recurrence‐free for 8 years. In addition, a group of patients with a worse prognosis and an 8‐year recurrence rate of about 26 per cent was identified, compared with the average distant recurrence rate of all stage I patients of 13 per cent. A combination of DNA and textural parameters can provide powerful prognostic information in stage I breast carcinomas and may allow a better selection of patients for different

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711770408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to detect early precancerous changes which do not involve the whole thickness of the epithelium, we used a novel image analysing program based on an IBAS system (Kontron, Germany) to determine nuclear DNA content (NC) as well as average nuclear area (NA) and variation of nuclear area (VA), in the entire epithelium and in three sublayers, parabasal, intermediate, and superficial. DNA aneuploidy was found in only half of the cases classified as ‘high‐grade’ (HG) lesions, comprising carcinomain situ(CIS) and severe epithelial dysplasias (EDIII), and was chiefly demonstrable in the parabasal third of the epithelium. The other lesions were DNA euploid. HG lesions showed highly significant increases of NA and VA at the lower levels of the epithelium when compared with ‘low‐grade’ (LG) lesions comprising moderate and mild epithelial dysplasias (EDII and EDI). Our data show that the combination of multiparameter image analysis with conventional morphology assists in the objective grading of precancerous lesions and permits the reliable detection of high‐

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711770409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProto‐oncogenes, growth factors/receptors, and tumour suppressor genes were analysed in malignant metastatic insulinomas. Normal pancreas showed only a moderate immunoreaction forc‐mycproto‐oncogene and a strong reaction for insulin. Benign insulinomas were slightly or moderately positive for transforming growth factora(TGFα), weakly positive for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R), and strongly positive forc‐mycand insulin. In malignant insulinomas, besides a strong immunoreaction forc‐mycand TGFα, activation of c‐K‐rasand overexpression of p53 protein were found. Insulin reaction was moderate or strong. Three out of six malignant insulinomas displayed a c‐K‐raspoint mutation at codon 12. All mutations were guanine to cytosine transversion, resulting in amino acid substitution, glycine to arginine. Mutations were present in metastatic insulinomas only. Patients with mutated c‐K‐rasoncogene had overexpression of p53 protein as well as c‐mycand TGFα overexpression. Our results support the view that malignant progression is a consequence of more than one genetic lesion and suggest that activation ofmyc, TGFα, andrasgenesα plays a role in a multistep process of tumour progression, perhaps

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711770410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe distribution of CD1a‐positive Langerhans cells, CD4‐positive T‐helper cells, and CD8‐positive T‐suppressor cells in 36 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder was studied immunohistochemically on frozen sections. Multiple tissue specimens from the tumour, the adjacent mucosa, and random bladder wall biopsies were examined. Langerhans cells were mainly interspersed among the tumour cells, whereas T‐helper cells were present in aggregates in the stroma. T‐suppressor cells were present both in aggregates in the stroma and among the tumour cells. There was a marginal relationship between the density of Langerhans cells and the density of T‐helper/inducer cells and a good relationship with CD8‐positive cells. There was no statistically significant difference in the population density of Langerhans cells associated with the various clinicopathological variables, including growth pattern, histological grade and stage, or patient's age and sex. On the contrary, a statistically significant difference was found in the CD1a/CD4 ratio among specimens of different grades. These results show that CD1a cell populations correlate with T‐cell populations in bladder cancer, suggesting that Langerhans cells take part in the immune response carried out by T lymphocytes, their task being apparently a

ISSN:0022-3417    

DOI:10.1002/path.1711770411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY